In the face of high housing prices, many buyers have called “unaffordable”. People ask, why is the house price so high? Is the mother-in-law the main reason for the high house price? It's not easy for your mother-in-law to be a housekeeper。
When it comes to real estate, the cost of real estate is a subject that has to be mentioned. For real estate development projects in general, investment and cost costs comprise both the development costs and the development costs。
1. Land costs
Land costs include municipal land concessions, land requisitions or resettlement compensation. There are three ways in which a real estate development enterprise can acquire land: a concession by agreement, a concession by tender and a concession by auction. At present, there are essentially two main approaches. As national macro-management policies on land tighten, access to development land through auctions becomes an effective way for most developers to access development land. Currently, the cost of land is about 20 per cent of the housing price of our urban commercial housing, and there is a further upward trend。
2. Prior period construction costs
Pre-construction costs relate mainly to pre-planning of housing development, design costs, feasibility study fees, geological survey fees and land development costs such as “one to three”. His share in the overall cost composition is relatively low and generally does not exceed 6 per cent。
3. Construction works
The cost of the construction works refers to the construction work, equipment and installation work incurred during the construction of the house, which is also referred to as the cost of building construction. He represents a relatively large proportion of the overall cost composition. The current situation in my country is about 40 per cent of the total cost。
4. Municipal public utilities
The cost of municipal public utilities consists of the cost of infrastructure and public utilities. The cost of infrastructure development refers mainly to the construction of roads, running water, sewage and electricity. The cost of construction of public support facilities is the cost of various non-profit utilities (e. G. Schools, kindergartens, hospitals, police stations, etc.) and various profit-making support facilities (e. G. Food stores, commercial outlets such as the market for vegetables, etc.) built on the land. The project accounts for a larger share of the cost of real estate development, generally at about 20-30 per cent。
5. Taxes and taxes
Taxes related to real estate development include real estate tax, urban land use tax, cropland occupation tax, land value added tax, double tax (business tax, urban maintenance construction tax and education surcharge), deed tax, enterprise income tax, stamp duty, etc.; the country currently has a larger share of the cost of real estate development in its composition, typically at around 15-25 per cent。
In addition to the development costs mentioned above, there are associated development costs such as management costs, sales costs and financial costs。
