Respiration is the process of gas exchange between the organism and the outside environment. The human breathing process consists of three interconnected components: external breathing, including pulmonary fluoration and pulmonary exchange; transport of gas in blood; and internal breathing, which refers to the exchange of gas between tissue cells and blood。
It is best to breathe at a time of 6. 4 seconds when normal adults are silent, with approximately 500 ml of gas per inhalation and ejection called tidal gas. The amount of gas that comes out is called lung activity, when a person breathes hard until he/she can no longer breathe, then breathes hard until he/she can no longer breathe. Normal adult male lung activity is about 3,500 - 4,000 ml and female lung activity is about 2,500 - 3,500 ml. Pulmonary activity represents the size of a person's potential respiratory capacity, reflects to some extent a person's respiratory function and health, and is one of the commonly used methods of measuring respiratory activity. The respiratory system consists of a ventilator in the nasal cavity and throat, two lungs, and a long pipe connecting the throat to the lung. The base end of the tube is divided into two bronchials, each linked to one of its lungs. The bronchials are broken down into smaller tubes, first of all a thin one and then the last of a thin one. At the end of the thin bronchial, there are tiny air-filled bags called lung bubbles。
A brief description of the frequency of breathing
The back and forth of the chest is one breath, one breath at a time. The frequency of breathing per minute is called breathing frequency。
The frequency of breathing is calculated by closely looking at the breast of the person being examined, by recording the half-minute breathing of the person being measured with a clock with a second hand, and multiplying the measured number by two, which is the breathing frequency per minute。
Human breathing
Respiration is respiratory and lung activity. By breathing, inhaling oxygen and exhaleing carbon dioxide, the human body is one of the vital activities of life, which cannot stop for a moment, and the essential process of gas exchange between the human environment and beyond. Normal human breathing rhythms are flat and shallow。
(i) when breathing normals calmly, adults between 16 and 20 per cent and children between 30 and 40 per cent, children's breathing decreases with age and gradually reaches adult levels. The ratio of breathing to pulse is 1:4。
(ii) the count of breathing by breathing measure allows for the observation of the number of ups and downs and downs in the chest of the patient, one breath at a time, or the number of blow-outs with a cotton stub at the nostrils, and the number of per-minute breaths per minute for a minute。
(iii) there are two methods of normal human breathing, namely chest and abdominal. Breathing, mainly by movement of the chest contours, is most common among normal women and young people, as well as in patients with perimenitis and some acute abdominal disorders, and abdominal breathing, mostly among normal males and children, as well as in patients with perimenitis。
(iv) changes in breathing frequency
Respiration is fast (>24 times/min): normal people see emotion, motion, food, temperature rise. The abnormalities can be seen in heat, pneumonia, asthma, heart failure, anaemia, etc。
Respiration slow (<10 times/min): see intracranial pressure increases, intracranial tumours, overdose of anesthesia, sedatives, pleural inflammation, etc。
(v) changes in respiratory depth
Deep and large respiratory tracts are severe metabolic acid poisoning, diabetic ketone poisoning, acid poisoning in the context of urinary poisoning; breathing is evident in overdose, emphysema, electrolytic disorders, etc。
(vi) changes in respiratory rhythm
1. Motivated breathing: in cases of severe brain deficiency, ischaemic haemorrhage, severe heart disease, late urine poisoning, etc。
2. Nominal breath: see on the brink of death。
Inter-breathing: seed in cases of meningitis, meningitis, increased internal pressure, dry pleuralitis, malignant tumours of the pleura, broken ribs, severe pain。
4. Sighs breath: patients suffering from neurosis and stress depression。
Breathe in biology
Aerobic respiration: c6h12o6+6h2o+6o2--66co2+12h2o+ energy (most organisms)
Oxygen-free breathing: c6h12o6-→2c2h5h5h+2co2+ energy (most higher plants are anaerobic, yeast, etc.)
Or c6h12o6-→2c3h6o3+ energy (animals, lactate, troughs of potatoes, root of beet, embryos of corn, etc.)
The term is used to describe phenomena that are closely linked to each other, but in a somewhat different sense. For example: (1) respiratory motion. (2) animals exchange gases by breathing, inhalation of molecular oxygen from outside and release of co2 to outside, known as external breathing. (3) cells extract oxygen and release carbon dioxide, known as cell breathing. Many animals are transported to internal cells and tissues for consumption by inhalation through external breathing, so this corresponds to external breathing, known as internal breathing. (4) biochemical changes, i. E. Respiratory metabolism, which form the basis of cytology. There are several stages, ranging from narrow to broad: (a) narrowest meaning, with the participation of molecular oxygen, organic matter is completely decomposed into inorganic matter such as carbon dioxide, water, ammonia, etc., and provides energy, which organisms can use in their form (mainly atp). (b) including (a) above, the most commonly used definition is cell absorption of molecular oxygen, resulting in all oxidation processes. In this sense, respiratory strength is expressed in terms of the volume of oxygen absorbed by the substance in a unit of time, usually in terms of qo2. When organic matter is used as a respiratory matrix (respiratory material); the volume ratio of co2 released and oxygen absorbed is referred to as the respiratory (rq). (c) further expand the definition of (b) as described above to include, under aerobic conditions, the replacement of oxygen with nitrates, sulphate, etc., as a process of energy acquisition through oxidation of the final electronic receptor, referred to as nitric and sulphate breathing, respectively. (d) the broadest definition refers to the clandestine reaction of chemistry, which is referred to as breathing when energy is obtained through oxidation. At this point, oxygen becomes the final electron receptor, while the process described above b is specifically called anaerobic inhaling or aerobic breathing, while others are called anaerobic or anaerobic breathing. Alcohol fermentation and sugar fermentation also constitute anaerobic breathing in this sense. Fermentation is an oxidation reaction between the matrix-generated compounds, at which point it can be called internal molecular breathing. Respiratory mechanisms are generally seen as organic changes and electronic transmission processes in dehydrogenization response。
Normal breathing: the ratio of breathing to pulse is 1:4, men and children are predominantly abdominal and women are predominantly breast breathing。
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