A complaint in the code of civil procedure is an action by a subject of a civil legal relationship who, by reason of his or her own rights and interests, is under his or her administration or control in accordance with the law, or who is in dispute with another person, in his or her own name, requests the court to try him or her for protection。
Indictments in criminal proceedings refer to the activities of the state organs and citizens who have the right to complain, to bring proceedings before the courts in accordance with the law and to request that the court try the content of the charges in order to establish the criminal responsibility of the accused and to impose criminal sanctions in accordance with the law. The people's court hears cases on the premise that they are prosecuted by the public prosecutor's office or by the person concerned, and if there is no prosecution, the court does not consider any cases on its own initiative. If the court accepts the indictment and agrees to proceed, it is called admissible. The establishment of the indictment marked the beginning of the trial proceedings。
Conditional
Cases fall within the jurisdiction of the people's court of appeal
The jurisdiction of the court in various cases is a relatively complex issue. In most cases, civil cases are governed by the courts of the defendant's place of residence, i. E., where the money is owed, depending on where it is located, a case is filed in the court of the place of residence of a; in the case of traffic accident compensation, however, a case is usually filed in the court where the traffic accident occurred. In the case of a property inheritance dispute, the case is brought before the court in the place where the property is situated. In most cases, the original defendants were from one county and there was no jurisdictional dispute and it was sufficient to proceed directly to the district court。
Prosecution picture
Not everyone had access to the courts, but the case must have a legal interest in the plaintiff. The power of the state belongs to the plaintiff who has an interest in the case. It would not have been possible for zhang to have his father bring the matter before the courts, since zhang had not borrowed money from his father. If it is true that there is something in the power of the state that cannot be brought before the courts in person, the father or other relatives may be entrusted to do so, subject to written power of attorney。
Whoever violates your legitimate rights and interests should be the accused. In the power of power case, the defendant should be zhang himself. The accused should not be listed as family members of zhang. Of course, zhang and his wife could also be listed as co-defendants if there was evidence that zhang had borrowed money for household expenses。
Specific claims, facts and reasons
The court must have a specific and explicit requirement to hear the judgement. In the power of state case, the claim should be that “the defendant was ordered to return interest on the loan of $1,000 and deferred payment。
Material required for presentation to the court
The first is to write a qualified indictment, which covers the plaintiff, the defendant's basic circumstances (clear name, address, occupation, age, workplace, etc.), claims, facts and reasons. Secondly, a copy of the main evidence and a copy of the complainant's identity card should be provided. In the case of the state power, the material to be provided is two pleadings, two written statements by witnesses who know that a person has borrowed money from them, and a copy of the state power identity card。
For all materials, the a4(210 x 297 mm) specification paper should be used uniformly。
Process report
1. The prosecution of a person shall be initiated by the filing of an indictment and a copy of the corresponding number of copies to the number of the other party. If the person concerned is a citizen, the name, sex, age, place of residence and, if the person is an employer, the name of the unit, the address, the legal representative or the person responsible. The main text of the indictment shall state the request and the facts, reasons for the indictment, and shall be signed or stamped at the end。
2. Under the principle of "who claims to be the person to prove" the plaintiff shall submit to the court the following materials:
Proceedings
1. The material on the principal qualification of the plaintiff. For example, originals and copies of evidence such as identity cards, household registers, passports, certificates of return for hong kong and macao nationals, marriage certificates; copies of documents such as business licences, certificates of business registration, etc., submitted by the enterprise as plaintiffs。
Evidence in support of the plaintiff's claim. Such as contracts, agreements, instruments of claims (debits, debts, etc.), documents of receipt and delivery, correspondence, etc。
3. The parties shall submit to the court documentary evidence by completing two lists of evidence containing details of the name and page(s) of the evidence submitted. After the evidence has been checked by the court operator, it is signed and stamped on the list of evidence, one to the parties and one to file。
4. Within seven days after the parties have complied with the formalities required and submitted the relevant evidentiary material, the chamber shall initiate proceedings against those who meet the conditions for the filing of a case; those who do not meet the requirements for the filing of a case shall be declared inadmissible in accordance with the law。
5. The parties shall, within seven days of the date of receipt of the notification of acceptance, make advance payment of the costs of receiving the case and other costs of proceedings and, in case of serious difficulties, make a written application to the court for reduction, stay or waiver within the pre-submission period, or, if the late submission or the written application for a stay, reduction or exemption is not granted, the court shall decide to withdraw the complaint automatically。
Following the filing of a case, the case is scheduled to be heard by the court, and the parties are subject to the organization of the work of the court and, upon completion of the case, to the treasury to settle the costs of the proceedings。
Format sample broadcast
Plaintiff: (basic: name, sex, age, nationality, occupation, workplace and address contact number)
Accused: (basic: idem)
Write about the purposes for which it is required, including: divorce, maintenance of the child, maintenance of the child, right of access to the child, division of property, means or amount of financial assistance requested in case of personal hardship, amount of damages claimed in case of bigamy, cohabitation with another person, domestic violence or abuse, abandonment of family members, etc.:
I. Divorce of the plaintiff and the defendant;
2. A legitimate son/daughter is raised by the plaintiff and the defendant pays maintenance money per month。
Iii. Average division of the common property of the husband and wife by law (identifying the type of common property, which generally includes the main property such as housing, savings, vehicles, electricity, etc.);
(c) describe the specific time of marriage, the birth of the child and indicate the grounds for the claim, including the grounds for the divorce, the grounds and grounds for the child's maintenance, maintenance, the manner in which the child is visited, the circumstances of the property, the grounds for division and the grounds for the claim。
For this reason, the plaintiff has initiated proceedings in accordance with the law, and you are asked to decide in accordance with the law。
A district/county people's court
Statistical coverage
On 21 april 2026, the supreme prosecutor published a white paper on the inspection of intellectual property (2025), which shows that the prosecution authorities at all levels are fully and accurately implementing the criminal policy of leniency and cooperation, and that offences against intellectual property are punishable by law. Admissible review charges were filed against 11341, 25160 persons and 9135, 19102 persons。
