The whites are part of a system with diverse ethnic origins. An important source of white origin is the indigenous peoples - the mothers and the kunmings - who have lived in the mother sea for generations. "the north to the east, to the east, to the east, to the east, to the east, to the east, to the east, to the east, to the east, to the east, to the east, to the east, to the west, to the west, to the west, to the west, to the south, to the west, to the west, to the west, to the west, to the west, to the west, to the west, to the west, to the west, to the west, to the west, to the west, to the west, to the east, to the west, to the west, to the west, to the west, to the west, to the west, to the west, to the west, to the east, to the west, to the west, to the west, to the west, to the west, to the west, to the east, to the east, to the west, to the east, to the east, to the east, to the sea, to the sea, to the sea, to the sea, to the east, to the sea, to the sea, to the sea, to the sea, to the sea, to the animal, to it is also known that the inhabitants of the qinhan-era mother sea area are kunming and are in an unsettled nomadic society. Another important source of the whites belongs to one of the southern sub-clans of the ancient qin system, whose ancestors date back to the qin han people. In the third century b. C., the name of the qin sang-hsun lubwe, editor-in-chief, “lu's chun-chun-chou-jun's show”, says: “the qin, ho-tang, far away from the water; the qiang, the wild, the qiang-chou river; the qiangs, the dragons, the land of the turk, the mighty.” qinhan's former qinhui people were spread across the north, and there were dozens of small countries in the south, including the philippines, including large regions such as the north's qiando county (today's sichuan ibei) and the south's qiu qiu qi (near fhiqi). The main group of the faipule is the kibbutz, also known as the kibbutz. During the han jinh period, the fhi chi region remained inhabited and moved gradually to the mother sea. The war in the middle has led to the displacement of peoples, including the xinjiang and other ethnic groups. Its integration into the fhi chi region, known as zhuang, has gradually taken over the former zhuang area. At the end of the year, other tribes gradually moved into the mother sea area. There are “top- and bottom-up razes” and the composition and distribution of the population has changed considerably. It is the kunming people living in the northern part of the mother's sea, and the “lower part” is the mourning, quail, surname, etc. In the early days of tang dynasty, there were rags and whites, which included many clans, including mom's regional grievance, kunming, west maddy (also known as the river buffalo), yunnan bong, and shifu. At the time of the southern dynasty, more than 200,000 households were located in the mother's region, and in the ming dynasty, the family names of inung, wang, zhao and yang were considered to have been born in the fhiqi region prior to the dynasty. In this way, the white people of the mother sea have a close connection to the western shiraito. By the eighth century a. D., the south dynasty uniting the mother sea region had led to the establishment of a strong regime with all of yunnan, accelerating the formation of the white community. Tang zhong zong dynasty for four years (877), and the southern dynasty dragons, under the banner of "the great seal". The emergence of the name “big seal” marked the formation of the whites. From the above, it can be seen that the white people, from the qin han mae (chi-mo), the kunming people — the east han-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-qi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi-chi。
The whites are a long-standing people. According to the archaeologically excavated “mothers' sites”, “the essence of which lies in the north of china, the culture of the mountain,” is a regional culture of “high local colour”. In particular, the bi-flank skeletal blade from the site is a good illustration of the link and difference between mother and middle culture. This type of bi-pore semi-lunar blade is close to the interior, most of its blades are on the dent (i. E., “bowl strings”), while the blades in the mother sea region are on the convex (i. E. “bowback”). During this period, relics such as semi-cement houses were also found on the ground, indicating that at the latest, during the new stones period, the mother sea area was inhabited by humans living in streams and that while economic activity was still relatively primitive, textile and fishing activities had taken place and that there might have been a pattern of primitive agriculture. The sheep village site in binagawa (1820 ±85 b. C.) indicated that food crops were an important source of food at that time; a large number of animal bones and horns reflected a certain position in hunting and textiles at that time. The sawakawa sea gate site (1150 ±90 b. C.) marked the beginning of a brand-new era of copper. The site of cheung yun da bona (465 ±75 b. C.) indicates that it was in a relatively settled agricultural society. The site of the village of cheung yun chai, which was discovered later (mid-term in the peaking state, early in west han) also produced two iron pieces, which, although small, indicate that iron is beginning to appear at this time and that the emergence of iron is a significant improvement over that of copper. As the mother sea region entered the bronze age, the reach of the commercial dynasty of china reached the region of toshikawa, and the large-scale economic and cultural interaction between the ancient whites began, ushering in a new era in the history of white civilization。
In the spring and autumn, the south-west region and the qin and chu regions were linked, during the war, and more closely linked to the country, and even with the term “the king of the qin and the qin,” the legacy of today's white life is still visible; the influence of han culture is at the very beginning of the development of the tribe。
In qin dynasty, the central dynasty began to establish counties in the south-western region of qin, and the mother sea region is increasingly connected to the interior of the country. Previously, qin included seven large tribal areas, including the phi chi region, the kunming region, and the west zilong region, along the south and north-east province. The tribes are autonomous and interconnected. After the reunification of the country, qin embarked on the development of the south-west plaza, which began with the construction of the “five-foot road”. From today's sichuan eiben, the first official road into the fhiqi region via north-east fhi, it connects the zhuang garments and the road, laying the foundation for yunnan's communication with china. The second is the concrete implementation of the county and county system introduced throughout the country. The last of these was the rule of the southwest province district commission. Although the qin administration of south-west qin is short-lived, it is of great importance and far-reaching significance. It marks the beginning of yunnan, which has become an important part of the unity of the multi-ethnic state, and the beginning of the official rule of the central dynasty over yunnan。
Handy, han wu is on the side, but was blocked by kunmingbun in the mother sea area. In 109 b. C., western han established the counties of yeh elephant, yunnan, bisou and lutang, which are under the jurisdiction of the yeizhou county. In 67 a. D., east han set up a “western yei state chief” to run the mourning area and the mother sea area. In 69 a. C., yongchang county was set up separately, and the mother sea area is divided into five counties: yunnan, dragon, yeh yi, bisu and bonan. As zhuang han subjugated south china, the governor-general was established, and seven counties were established in south china. The counties in the mother sea region have not changed, but are in yunnan and yongchang counties. In the period between the north and the south, the county administration of the mother-sea region coincided and was rotated, but largely due to the attack on the two-hand county system. A series of measures, such as the opening of counties and the opening of immigration sites in china's former dynasty, have both strengthened local governance and introduced advanced production techniques and iron and iron, contributing to the economic development of the mother sea region. During the east han period, there was a fundamental improvement in agricultural production technology in the māori region, with the introduction of rice cultivation and cattle farming technologies from china。
The government of yunnan was briefly ruled by the establishment of the nanning state general office, which is known to be south china。
Tang dynasty had a policy of subjugation of yunnan, which was under the jurisdiction of the governor-general of the state of yao, and included more than 20 states, such as guangzhou, zongzhou, quanzhou, zhongzhou, zhengzhou, yoonzhou, monse county, yunga county and nanga county. In the seventh century a. D., the conflict between tang dynasty and zhuang over control of the fhi chi region tended to intensify. At the same time, tang dynasty faces threats from vomiting. At that time, the six dahirs arose in the mother sea region, and the moncheon, located in the south of the dynasty, united the mother sea region under the auspices of the tang dynasty and established local government in the south。
During the time of the dynasty of the south, the mother sea region was rapidly developing. South dynasty is a local regime established by the uru and white blancs, a regime of slavery established jointly by the goku and the white blanche. At this time, yunnan's tribal distribution is as follows: the pixie-centric area is a pixie-centric area, while the mother-centred area is predominantly arab (the "mixed dynasty") and white (mostly around the mother-based sea). After the rise of moncheon, one of the six dahirs, with the support of the tang dynasty, occupied the economically developed white areas, and abolished the dynasty and unified the mother sea region. As the south dynasty has grown stronger, the battle between the south dynasty and the tang dynasty over the fhi chi region has intensified, the south dynasty has entered chengdu on several occasions, and it has come to be associated with a fraternal state, the south dynasty has emerged as a major threat to the south-west of the dynasty, accelerating the collapse of the empire. The political division of the dynasty of the south comprises the dzongkhag, the dzongkhag, and the mother sea region, the centre of the dynasty of the south. The vast area north of the mother sea is governed by sawakawa node. The members of the king's house of south china are the nobles, and the foundations of their rule, including the large numbers of high-ranking officials in the ruling class, such as the qinghingi, the generals, the generals, etc., are the more developed arabs in economic and cultural terms. Tang zhong zong dynasty for four years (877), and the southern dynasty dragons, under the banner of "the great seal"。
For some 250 years after the establishment of the south dahir regime, close ties of allegiance were maintained with the don, which allowed for continuous communication. However, as a result of the brutal internal oppression of the dahirs, successive wars of plunder were waged against the outside world, and the productivity was severely damaged, which continued to lead to slave riots and uprisings, which collapsed in 902. In 937, the chief feudal regime, known as the great rule state, was established with the white section as the main body. The dalit region has been closely linked to nakahara, and the “chat magu road” and the “south silk road” have strengthened its external links and have taken a prominent place in communication. The period of da lisi was an important period in the development of the whites, which created a brilliant white culture and ushered in a feudal, leading society。
During the time of the dahir, the da lisi, the buddhist religion was flourishing, with the emergence of the confucian, the comfort, and the da lisi region known as the "message of mysage". Since then, the dahir has made considerable progress in social production in the da lisi region, with the widespread use of farming techniques such as `co-farming, the `two-cow-three' method', a deep-farming technique that was promoted in china and played a major role in the country's agricultural history. Crops, vegetables and fruits are extremely rich and are imported from the interior, the west and india. In the field of livestock breeding, the farming industry is the most well developed, with daari macchi known as the tang song generation. Smelting technology is also well known, as well as weapons-making techniques, such as “twisting” and “spread-drum swords”, tulips and drisshaws。
In 1253, mongolian nobles sent troops to defeat the regime of da likai. In yunnan's first five cities, the da lisi region is part of the seal. In 1256, the office of the prime minister was established, which is responsible for over 10,000 households. In 1258, the concorde concubine led troops from yunnan, through guangxi, directly to guangzhou (now changsa), behind the south song rear, and expected to meet with mongo and koburai, the three military divisions. As a result of the heavy casualties of mongolian troops in yunnan and the need to retain part of their strength to guard yunnan, and in order to compensate for the shortage of troops, shun liang zhongtai, in the dalit region, has created a more than 20,000-strong “war” (also known as the indo-white army), led by zhang fu. After kublai had inherited the throne, the qur'an was no longer used, and a number of the soldiers returned to da'ri, while some of them were displaced on both sides of the yangtze river, becoming the source of the sha'si and o'sibahites. Following the re-establishment of the provincial system in 1274, the da lisi region was divided into da lisi, tsuru qing road and was led by da lisi's teasing division。
Ming dynasty, the camped fields, and returned to the land. In 1382, a third division was set up in the blue jade and mu young-kedri regions to promote the health-care system, with far-reaching implications for the white areas. The importance of the great lakes region is fully reflected in the fact that it is divided into da lisi, monk, tsuk-kyung and that it has a military presence of da lisi, mahai, dalo, monk-tee and yongping and tsuk-kyung zheng, which comprise 30 thousand households. The spread of han culture has profoundly affected the white culture, including through han immigration and confucian education, as the feudal rule has deepened in the great lakes region. According to the official documents of yunnan and zhao zhao, the white area is now “the small business of the county and the multi-students of the county, the history of learning, the year of teaching, the year of opening school, and the year of holding a hand over the county”, and “the pre-sequencing star, the culture of discipline, as far as the remote border is concerned, there is no learning”. It is clear that han culture has had a full and profound impact on the customs and customs of the whites, their religious beliefs, their funerals, their palaces, their productive lives, etc., especially in terms of cultural education, where the white intellectuals and gentlemen's group have emerged. In terms of social production, water tanker irrigation has been widely used. As a result of the project “dylon”, which takes full advantage of groundwater and mountain currents to irrigate agricultural land, the arid wasteland has been transformed into a large field of agricultural land, known as yunnan (in yunnan county, today's yunnan cloud), which is well known and well managed。
Qing dynasty, it's easy to change. The da lisi region is divided into the grand department of justice, the monastery house, and the provinces of tsurujing and kawakawa. Qing dynasty has continued its policy of “repatriation” as a result of the invasion of the country, but has appointed a number of earthmen and earthmen in remote areas to rule over all ethnic groups in remote areas. Until the eve of the establishment of a new china, the white people in some remote mountainous areas were brutally oppressed and exploited by the feudal lords. In 1797, more than 10 districts, such as daari, zhaozhou and dengchuan, were hit hard by the reactionary rulers as a result of the “salt” incident, with the participation of all the white, chinese, chinese and han communities. In september 1856, dali broke out of an anti-qingdung uprising led by the ethnic group of the people, mainly the hui ethnic group, and led by du wensu, with the broad participation of the white people in the communist army, who stood up for 18 years in their struggle against the corruption of the qingh government。
After 1842, imperialism, using the strength of its ships, opened china’s doors to its own private gates, colluding with china’s corrupt feudal rulers and turning china into a semi-colonial, semi-enclosed society。
In recent times, commercial capital has begun to develop in white areas. There were major comptoirs such as fukucheng, heung-hing and zhuang-sang, and hung-sing, which were divided into the gang of cranes, heung chau and teng-seok, which were brought in by india, myanmar, viet nam, etc., in american, english, french and all kinds of seafood; and gold, silver, stone, silk, pigs and other agricultural by-products were searched from the country. They have developed in the marketing of commodities and the acquisition of raw materials for imperialism, and have become highly buying-in. After further incursions into the white area, the imperialist forces monopolized the main goods imported and exported from the white area, controlled markets and prices, suffocated not only the development of white commercial capital, but also closed down many small and medium-sized businesses and deepened the suffering of the white people. The white people, like the peoples of their homeland, were subjected to the double oppression of imperialism and feudalism and embarked on a great struggle against imperialism and feudalism. In order to fight imperialism and its pundits, the white people have fought many heroic and tenacious uprisings. In the midst of the li li's uprising, the duvensu uprising and the town's southern border, the white people fought side by side with the peoples of qing, qi and han, demonstrating the bravery of anti-imperialism and feudalism。
Following the establishment of the communist party of china in 1921, the country's fierce anti-imperialist and anti-prohibition struggle, which has had a tremendous impact on the white areas, the new wave of thinking about the democratic revolution has spread rapidly, and several newspapers and publications promoting maraism have been introduced into the white areas. Under the party's education, many of the outstanding sons and daughters of the white people had joined the revolutionary movement. After returning to france in 1923, the first comrades of zhang bo jian, who had joined the communist party of china in 1921, carried out revolutionary activities at the shanghai-kinghan railways and participated in and organized a provincial port strike, which later left guangzhou ill as a result of a severe illness. In the 1920s, comrades xu ke's family, wang de san and zhao jong-jianxian, who had participated in the uprisings in north china and guangzhou, were sent by the party to yunnan to lead the revolution, organize the struggles of workers, peasants and students, and, unfortunately, were murdered by reactionaries, demonstrating the noble qualities of the proletarian revolutionaries。
In april 1936, the first and second ranks of the red army of industry and agriculture, led by convergence holong, and led by the white diaspora, led the white people in the fight for land and property, further sowing the revolutionary fire. During the war against japan, general zhoubao of the whites travelled to the north-east to organize, together with the han and korean peoples, the coalition forces against japan, to take on important leadership roles, to persevere in the struggle of the chinese nation for more than a decade, and to establish an undying legacy for the victory of the chinese nation in its day-saving struggle. During the war of liberation, the ethnic groups of the white community, led by the yunnan underground party, launched an armed uprising in sawakawa in april 1949, liberated the city of sawakawa and strongly cooperated with the chinese people's liberation army in its march to liberate great south-west china。
Before the establishment of the new china, the socio-economic development of the white areas had been very uneven, with the feudal landlord economy in general taking an absolute advantage; the capitalist economy had developed considerably in some of the dam areas, particularly in a few towns and along road traffic; and in some of the mountainous regions, especially the scattered areas of the high mountains, there were feudal lords and remnants of the original communes and slavery。
(excerpt from chinese minority volume of the five series on ethnic issues)
