The hydra
According to press reports, on the night of 6 january, a group of people in fish leather clothes were distributing small packs of honey and frozen fish near the middle street of 100 years old harbin street, a strange dress that made many curious. They are the hechtzers of the ice and ice people from heilong river county. Among the 56 large ethnic groups, the hechtzers are a small group, many of whom are unfamiliar with them because of their small size, but they are an ancient people with a long history, rich culture and distinctive features。
I. The development of the heze
The hetzers are a long-standing minority in the north-eastern part of the country. Their ancestors were part of the piety, and they were closely related to blackwater. During the period of liao dynasty, the hechtzers belonged to the child. The munderhetzers belong to the wildlings. At the end of the month, 17 times nurhach used soldiers in the hizb zhetze neighbourhood, looting a large number of the hezzbq people and filling them with eight flags。
The term hechtzer was first found in the episcopal of the holy fathers: “the qingting of the qinghuen is called kulyha and others are serving mink, as in the case of hechtez, in ningutata”. Since then, the hezhu people of the tri-river basin have been recognized by the qing dynasty。
In the qing dynasty there is a more famous name — the sorens — for the peoples of hechtzer, awnke, orenchun, siber and dahr. Following the entry of the qing dynasty, the soruns continue to lead backward fishing and hunting life because, in order to ensure the supply of special north-east produce, such as mink, and the combat power of the soruns, the soruns are prohibited from entering the customs or major cities, from engaging in farming and commerce, and they are only allowed to fish and fish in order to remain wild. Once the qing dynasty requires conscription, the soruns are natural and high-quality soldiers to be recruited. Thus, the life of the soran, represented by the hetze people, is more tragic in chiang dyna。
During the period of the republic, the system of government changed, the people were democratic and republican, and the situation of the hetze people had improved, but china had fallen behind and the central government had failed to take account of those remote peoples. After the events of 1188, the north-east fell, and the hizl youth rose up against the japanese aggressors. As the hetze village is located in the mountain forest, which facilitates the development of the japanese armed forces, the japanese, in order to prevent the “tunsu” of the hetze people, have carried out a mad sweep of the mountain villages of the hetze people and others, forcibly moving the hetze people to the riverside marshlands. The hezbek population has fallen sharply. According to the people's network's 2019 interview with hechtzer, fewer than 300 hechtzers were left and the nation was dying。
Since the establishment of the new china, the hizb zhetze people have changed dramatically, led by the policies of the party and the state, and this people, which is on the verge of extinction, has regained life. The first is the growth of the hechtzer community. According to the seventh census, in 2021, there are already 5373 members of the hetze people today. The hydra have language and no words. In 2017, the huttzers made it possible for the entire community to escape poverty。
Today's hydra
Ii. The heze culture
The hetze people have long lived in the cold, affected by climate, and their lives are extremely seasonal. Their habits are different from those of other peoples, who have historically adopted fishing and hunting as the dominant source of resilience. It is also the only nation in the country that lives in the north, with fishing as its main survival skill. During the winter, the hizbuk used nets to fish. Because of the heavy snowfall during the winter, the hechtzers were restricted in hunting and, in continuous practice, they learned to use snow to help themselves. They invented a slabboard, made of fish skins or skins on the slabs and covered with dog hair。
Hechtzer fishing
The hechtzers also operate around fishing and hunting, including in the areas of food and clothing, with a very ethnic character。
On clothing, in order to resist the harsh cold, and without prejudice to hunting and transportation outside the country, the hézers ' winter dress owners were heavy, warm and windproof, and their clothing was often sewn to keep warm. The “fish leather coat” is the most distinctive and visible dress of the hezche nation, the equivalent of their national emblems. All fish skins, such as mackerel, mackerel, mackerel, grass roots, catching strips, white fish, mackerel, etc., can be used to sew robes, and therefore fish leather is also referred to as edible clothing. Historically, the hechtzers were called “fish skins”, because they were the only people who could make clothes with fish skins。
The hydra girl in the fish leather
On the diet, the hechtzers eat fish and make the most of their fish resources. There are many ways of eating fish, and they're very sophisticated. The fish are usually fresh and can be roasted on a grilled fork or evaporated. By the way, the hutzers also like to eat raw fish, which is their special dish, the "breathing fish," the "cooled fish," the "fry fish hair". The fishing season is dry and the season is hot. What about the fish that cannot be eaten in that season? They are processed by sunbathing and stored for use in the light season. The hideout of the hizbek is known as a fish house, which is generally built in a residential yard, almost every house, and is usually used to place items such as fishing gear。
Frozen fish are the main foods on which the heggers depend in winter. They first cut the skin of the frozen fish with a knife, then cut the fish into thin fish chips, such as cut flowers, mixed with potatoes, green beans, fans, etc., together with spices, and a fragrance, raw fish tablet, which eats raw fish, with a particularly good name, called "scratching."。
Here's the fish
In the accommodation, the hezbze people build houses and keep them warm. In addition to the daily houses, the hechtzers' favorite construction was the zhuo zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhou zhu zhi zhu zhu zhi zhu zhu zhu zhi zhu zhi zhu zhi zhuo is a stable, zhuo zhou zhou zhou zhi zhou zhi zhou zhi zhi zhu zhu zhu zhu zhou zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu , zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu zhu z these houses are easily demolished for moving needs. Don't look at sparrows as small, but they're whole. For example, in the case of roonque, the roof is raised with a dozen or dozens of poles, which are folded with a layer of grass, like a tug, which can be equipped with a bed, with a roof to the north, with a rest area for the elderly, and a rest space for young people, which can sit and sleep。
The hechtian set
In terms of transport, today's widely known dog sled was invented by the hydra. According to heilongjiang, “the dogs used by the hutzers to climb up plows, like cars, without wheels, cut them in two by a woody soft man, bend up the first half, and dispose of the four pillars and the four frames in the back half, laying them out. If the heavy load is carried, it will be driven by a dog at the top bend, and the two men will rise up, whipping it with whips, and its speed will increase as the horse runs”. The hutzers are leading the lead dogs and other dogs to pull with three or five, or even a dozen dogs, and are able to travel 1,200 kilometres a day. When it is necessary to stop, the sledge will stop with two wooden sticks。
Hercheel sleigh
Iii. Imakan of the heggers
The hechtzers have their own language, without words, and they record history by passing it on. The hizbek literature and history are represented by immakan, which was formed at the latest by the qingmu people. The performance took the form of a person's rap combined with an oral account, largely based on rhetoric and supported by singing。
Imam of the heggers sing and sing. Singing is mainly in the form of talk, telling the legends of the hero mozhgen and the myth of creation, which is usually a few days in length. Singing is mainly in the form of singing, focusing on lecturing and depicting the productive life of the hydra. In the narrow sense of "imamkan" refers to the most traditional "imamkan" work, i. E. The chorus of "imamkan" — the heroic mythology section, which is dominated by the hero morzhgen. Singing, as the oldest type of work, is the most traditional and primitive form of imakan's work, and this is where imakan's rap literature originated。
Imam
With its strong matrilineal social remnant and the higher status of women in society, immakan has many images of women. The image of imam's woman is very personal. The role of women has great power and can even be turned into a great battle. The expanse of the bird can only be transformed from a woman, with the ability to guide the dead as they go to the shadows, and the search of the spirits by morzhengen depends on the expanse. When a woman becomes a woman, she can help her enemies in battle, and when she ends, she can use her power to help her children to get dressed and fed。
On 20 may 2006, the state council approved the first national catalogue of intangible cultural heritage as an epic of the hezbez. In 2011, unesco included it in the world class intangible cultural heritage。
Wen shijun said
Today, under the leadership and support of the party and the state, the hezb-e-herzeh have worked hard to develop their national identity and transmit their national culture. Today, on the occasion of the harbin ice festival, the hetzers came to harbin to promote the cultural and local identity of the nation and to raise awareness of this ancient and mysterious minority。
