The article explains the core principles of maintenance of special equipment, generic maintenance content, maintenance priorities and care, with some guidance and operation。
01
Core maintenance principles
1 legal compliance:
The requirements of the act on the safety of special equipment and the relevant technical safety regulations, as well as the maintenance regime for all types of equipment in enterprises, are strictly observed。
Prevention is the main focus:
Precautionary maintenance, periodic inspection, maintenance, timely detection and elimination of hazards and prevention of accidents。
3 professional:
Usually it should be carried out by persons with the appropriate qualifications and security skills in the use unit, or entrusted to an authorized unit。
4 complete records:
Establish and maintain complete maintenance records for special equipment, which should be accurate, accurate and traceable。
5 safety first:
All maintenance work must be carried out in conditions that ensure safety and strict enforcement of safety protocols and precautions。
6 based on risk:
Maintenance priorities and cycles are determined on the basis of such factors as type of equipment, frequency of use, work environment, historical failure records, etc。
02
Generic maintenance content
(application for special equipment of all types)
1 daily inspection and maintenance:
Pre-operational inspection: before starting the equipment, check whether key components (e. G., safety devices, meters, lubrication status, connectivity security, leaks, abnormal sound, etc.) are normal。
Operating monitoring: observe whether the operational parameters of the equipment (pressure, temperature, velocity, current, voltage, etc.) are within normal limits, and the sound, vibration, and odor of the listening are abnormal。
Post-operational inspection: check the condition of the equipment after the shutdown, clean the surface and surrounding environment of the equipment。
Cleaning and lubrication: regular removal of dust, oil pollution, miscellaneous materials from the equipment; lubrication of motor components (axis, gears, tracks, wire ropes, hydraulic systems, etc.) in accordance with the prescribed cycle, oil and dosage。
Tightening: check and tighten connections such as bolts, bolts, axes, etc. To prevent relaxation。
Leak check: check for leaks in airways, oil roads, waterways, lubrication systems (e. G. Boilers, pressure containers, flanges for pressure pipes, valves, connections, elevator hydraulic systems, etc.)。
Test of safety devices: conduct periodic functional tests of safety protection devices (e. G. Limit switches, safety valves, pressure meters, emergency stop buttons, overload protections, brakes, etc.) to ensure their sensitivity and reliability。
2 regular maintenance (planned maintenance):
• periodical development: a detailed maintenance cycle plan (days, weeks, months, seasons, half-years, years) based on specifications for special equipment equipment manufacturing plants, safety technical specifications and the experience of use units。
• comprehensive inspection: more in-depth and comprehensive inspection of special equipment, including major stress structures, key spare parts, electrical systems, control systems, safety attachments, etc。
Adjustments and calibrations: adjustments and calibrations of equipment's spacing, itinerary, pressure, speed, balance, brake performance, instrument accuracy, etc。
(b) replacement of components: replacement of perishable items (e. G. Seals, filtration cores, badly worn bearings, wire ropes, pull ropes, hydraulic fluids, etc.) according to the description or actual wear。
Integrated cleaning and maintenance: cleaning, oil exchange and sewage of hydraulic, lubricants, cooling systems, etc。
• electrical systems inspection: inspection of circuit insulation, insulation, metaware state (contact, relay, frequency transformer, etc.), local reliability, etc。
3 safety annex validation:
In strict compliance with the requirements of the special equipment regulations, the security attachments and instruments such as safety valves, blast fragments, liquid beamometers, thermometers, emergency cut-off devices, pressure gauges, etc., are periodically checked or checked and certified and qualified for use during their validity。
4 records and archives management:
Detailed records: the time, content, personnel, replacement components, problems identified and disposals, and test results should be recorded in detail for each maintenance (especially regular maintenance and professional repairs)。
Archiving: establishment of a one-hour system for the proper maintenance of technical files of special equipment equipment (including design documents, product certification, supervisory inspection certificates, installation of alteration and repair information, instructions on use, maintenance records, failure records, inspection reports, security attachment verification records, etc.)。
03
Focus on maintenance of common special equipment
1 boiler:
Water tablewashing, high and low water level alerts and lock protection tests。
Safety valve manual/automatic emission tests, periodic validation。
The pressure sheet is regularly checked。
The furnace, the flue ash, is blown from outside the hot surface, and the interior (water side) is removed/cleaned。
Burner maintenance (nozzle cleaning, flame detection)。
Maintenance of water treatment equipment (regent regeneration, salt tanks, instrumentation)。
Water quality testing and sewage screening。
Leak check and maintenance of valves, pipes, flanges, pumps。
Auxiliary maintenance (wind machine, water pump bearing lubrication, inter-axis mid-check)。
2. Pressure container:
The body and weld macro-checks (inverted, drums, cracks, corrosive, leaks)。
Safety valves, blast fragments, pressure gauge verification。
Lithometer maintenance (clear instructions, high-low- lsd warning test)。
Thermometer verification。
Basic feeder check。
Preservative coating examination and repair。
3x pressure pipe:
Pipes stand check (location, deformation, loss of load, rust)。
Plumb preservation, insulation examination and repair。
Pipes vibrate, ground check。
French, valves, swelling hysteria leak inspection and maintenance。
Safety valves, pressure gauge verification。
Pipe media, flow to marking integrity check。
4 elevators:
Maintenance of the sedan system (door locks, contact points, door wheel, door track clean lubrication, speed adjustment for closing)。
Tug system maintenance (cleaning of tugs, retorting and checking of tug ropes, lubrication of tractor bearings, brake breaks and rectangular adjustments)。
Guided system maintenance (track clean lubrication, inspection adjustments)。
Tests of safety protection devices (speed limiters - safety clamp joint tests, buffer checks, terminal limit switches, lock circuits)。
Control system checks (contact point, relay, layer accuracy, call button)。
Electrical circuit insulation。
Machine rooms, wells, pits。
5 thrust machinery:
Main subject matter structural elements examined (i. E., deformation, cracks, welding, corrosion, etc. Of the main beam, leg, crane arm, etc.)。
Steel cord inspection ( wear, tear, wiring, distortion, lubrication) and replacement as required。
Slider, roller examination (brand, crack)。
(c) hooks, suspension checks (fissures, wear, deformation, decoupling devices)。
The brake checks and adjusts (barrel gap, power rectangles)。
(c) time limitrs (lifting altitude, running itinerary), overload protection devices functional tests。
Wheel and orbit inspection ( wear and tear, chew)。
Hydraulic system checks (oil levels, leaks, filtration core replacements)。
Electrical systems and security chain checks。
Specialized motor vehicles in 6 sites:
Turn to systems check (flexibility, gap)。
Brake system inspection (branch performance, brake fluid, pipe)。
Walking system check (tire wear and tear, wheel bearings)。
Work unit inspection (fork, door frame, chain, hydraulic tank)。
Lights, horns, backup alarms。
Electrical system inspection (cells, circuits, controllers)。
(c) passage system inspection (speed tank oil, motor bridge oil, transmission axis)。
Safety protection devices (e. G. Forklift door frame limit, tilt tank self-lock valve)。
04
Maintenance of critical care
1x periodic inspection:
Special equipment must be subject to regular inspection by a statutory inspection body on a prescribed cycle. Maintenance should be aligned with the requirements for periodic testing to ensure that equipment meets the requirements for inspection。
2 emergency response plan:
Emergency disposal measures should be considered in the maintenance plan to ensure a prompt and effective response in the event that a major hazard or accident is detected during maintenance。
Training of 3 personnel:
Maintenance personnel must be professionally trained in equipment structure, doctrine, operating procedures, maintenance requirements and safety protection。
The maintenance of special equipment is a systematic, professional and regulatory effort. The unit of use is the subject of security responsibility and a well-developed system of maintenance of special equipment must be in place to ensure that routine inspections and regular maintenance are carried out in order to effectively ensure the safe operation of special equipment。
