In the 1980s and 1990s, philatelic collections were a powerful social and cultural event, with people collecting and exchanging their favorite stamps, exploring and exploring postage, making collections and participating in post fairs, becoming a hobby of the time. However, with the development of our information and communication technology and the diversification of means of communication, stamps have become a thing of little use in our daily lives. In particular, we interviewed liu jianhui, the head of the post office of the former national postal service, the post office's postage ticket management department, to tell the memorable stories of the golden years of philatelic collection and to trace the origin of the stamps and the history of the development of chinese stamps。
The content of this paper is from the b04-b05 edition of the special philatelic journal of 1 august, the new kyoto weekly review。
B01 theme philatelic
B02-b03 "themes" is in a world of mail
B04-b05 "themes": the memory of modern stamps
The strangest stamp in the history of b06 theme: bandit stamps
B07 "living" pessoa, "teacher of inner life."
B08 "culture" is a charade of "americans."
Take the uterus
The birth of stamps
The new kyoto newspaper: how did the earliest stamps appear
Liu jianhui: the stamps were first invented by the british roland hill. In 1840, two major events took place in the world, one of which was the far-reaching postal reform of the united kingdom, and the other aimed at opening up the chinese market and launching the british opium war under the pretext of a ban on smoking in china. These two things seem to be separate, but they are related. As an old capitalist empire, britain has long focused its eyes on the great eastern powers during the period of external expansion. In the past, however, the british postal rates were very old, and its postage bill had to be double-counted for the weight and distance of mail, so the cost of sending the mail was very high, which was a major drag on the world’s rapidly expanding capitalism, so postal reform was the only way forward。
What is the content of the reform? Previously, all british parliamentarians and royal family members had been able to send free mail, which had created a huge gap in postal service and had incurred considerable costs. It was also previously paid by the addressee and the sender was not concerned about the amount of the postage fee, but for the addressee there would be a situation in which the postage fee would not be paid, so there would also be large numbers of mail running。
New kyoto: so there is a story that some of the letters of safety are drawn directly into the envelope with a circle or a fork, and the recipient returns at a glance。
Liu jianhui: yes, so roland hill offered to reform the postal service. An important element of the reform is the formal legislation in the british parliament known as the “one-pence postage law”. After this reform, no matter how far the mail is, whenever the weight is within a certain range, no matter how close it is. As a result of the payment of money by the sender, the sender was required to advance postage charges and the first stamp in the world was born, the black pence stamp. One edition of black pence stamps is 240, 12 long and 20 long。
Black pence stamps。
The birth of the black pence stamps was accompanied by a spirit of equality, in which both the queen and the members of parliament had to purchase postage certificates whenever they sent them, and the people gave a penny. Thirty-eight years later, china also issued its first set of stamps in 1878, the dalong stamps. Its birth meant a trajectories for china, where the main means of official communication at the time was the post office system, where the emperor’s will was conveyed by the horse, where the following instruments were reported, and the old postage, like the british, had not yet been produced, so that the birth of china’s postage stamps had actually crossed the age-old postage phase, moving directly from postage to modern postage. What's a stamp? As a rule, it is a certificate of prepaid postage, the nominal value of which corresponds to the value of the services paid by the post. As a result, the sender purchased the stamps, which amounted to an agreement with the post office, which sent the mail for the people, who paid the post office. This is the basic function of stamps。
The new kyoto newspaper: how did stamps subsequently develop their aesthetic and collection value
Liu jianhui: since 1894, when the then general tax department of customs proposed the issuance of a 10,000-year-old stamp for the 60th birthday of the judas, china's first commemorative stamp set, the function of the chinese stamp has changed. In the past, it had only been a postage certificate, while the stamps had both a commemorative and promotional significance, effectively expanding their functionality. The types of stamps are also gradually being refined, such as commemorative stamps, special stamps and ordinary stamps. The commemorative stamps are mainly used to commemorate important persons and events, while the ordinary stamps are used for daily communications, while small sheets, small sheets, small promissory notes, etc. Have appeared。
Big dragon stamps are five cents silver。
After the second world war, stamps became more functional, with the emergence of different types of advertising stamps, disaster relief stamps and charitable stamps, and their collections expanded considerably as their functions expanded. The first person in the world to collect stamps was a british lady who, shortly after the issuance of the black pence stamps, placed an advertisement stating that she was about to buy a large number of stamps to decorate the walls and that she had become the world's first collector of stamps. The collection of stamps is also highly relevant to the social environment as a whole, with a large number of countries involved in world war i and world war ii, where people are displaced, food and drink are problematic and the collection of stamps is impossible. After world war ii, philatelic collections became widespread with the stability of society as a whole。
Development of chinese stamps and philatelic collections
The new kyoto newspaper: when did the chinese stamp collection first appear
Liu jianhui: china's collection activities occurred mainly at the beginning of the twentieth century, mainly in the area of jiangxi. At that time, the collectors of stamps had two main characteristics: on the one hand, they had to be rich and on the other, they had to have a culture, so the collection was limited to a very small number of people. After all, at the beginning of the twentieth century, when warlords were fighting, social unrest and people's lives were generally difficult, who had the free money to collect stamps? A large number of stamp collectors have also emerged since the establishment of the new china。
The new kyoto newspaper: what happened to the people involved in the collection of stamps
Liu jianhui: the biggest difference between the new china stamps and the stamps issued during the previous national government is that they are positive, fast and revolutionary. Since the establishment of the new china, stamps have been purchased by young students, young workers and young intellectuals. Also at the time, new china was in a socialist camp and would import and export stamps from countries including the soviet union, romania and yugoslavia. In 1955, two major events also occurred in the history of chinese stamps. One major event was the establishment of the china postage corporation at dong huamen, wang ji. With the postage stamps company, china's philatelic activities have been greatly facilitated, not only by the issuance of chinese stamps but also by the sale of foreign stamps from countries such as the soviet union. The first thing many philatelic collectors did after school and after work was to go to the stamp company to see if there were any new stamps. The second major event was the publication of the philatelic magazine to promote philatelic collections. At that time, sheik, song qinggi and others had published articles in the philatelic magazine, so both events had been very helpful in china's philatelic activities. It is also a matter of great importance that, in 1959, with the kind assistance of prime minister zhou, the beijing postage factory was built and that our country owns enterprises specializing in the production of stamps。
New kyote: how do we produce stamps before the stamp factory is built
Liu jianhui: since there was no stamp shop in the country between 1949 and 1959, stamps will have to be printed in a printing shop. Since stamps are uniquely printed, they can only be printed at printing houses in special currencies. This is why stamps were printed in people's printing houses in the past. However, since the process used in these printing houses was carving, the bulk of the production at the time was carving stamps, which, after the construction of the beijing postage factory, were specialized in printing equipment such as carving equipment, photocopying equipment, rubber tape equipment, etc., especially in film — that is, photo dents — – to make stamps very beautiful, after all, the sculptor had only one colour, while the film version could have four colours, five colours, and even six colours。
Te 57, yellow hill landscape ii, released in 1963。
New kyote: so, since then, the design of the stamps has been enriched。
Liu jianhui: yes. The improvement in the quality of printing has led to a significant increase in the overall aesthetic valuation of stamps. This was followed by the classic melange stamps, as well as the yellow mountain stamps known as the five gold flowers, the goldfish stamps, the police stamps, and the daisies and butterflies stamps。
Te38 goldfish stamp, chinese people's post, issued in 1960, is referred to as one of the “five gold flowers” in a special stamp。
What was the impact of the stamp collection during the new kyoto newspaper, mangjie
Liu jianhui: “chang gui” is a dark moment in the history of chinese stamps. Philatelic collections are criticized as “enclosed financing” and many are afraid to collect stamps, and to what extent are people afraid? Some even secretly destroyed their stamps, fearing that the red guards would be brought home for philatelic purposes. In those 10 years, philatelic collections were not mentioned。
How did the enthusiasm for mass philatelic collection recover after the new kyoto newspaper, mangji
Liu jianhui: indeed, in chinese grass-roots communities, the fire of philatelic stars has not been extinguished, and some lovers still collect stamps in private. The flames of the stars quickly ignited the philatelic enthusiasm of the people after the end of the cultural revolution, and soon became a mirage. In 1978, while philatelic collections were still talking about the transformation of the tiger, several people became the first crab eaters. The first mass spontaneous philatelic organization in the country, the drum house philatelic research society, was set up by young people like zhu zuqiwe, wang taeyi, lin zhou and sung ji wei. The organization is still here today。
Another thing that really led chinese philatelic recovery was the establishment of the all china philatelic federation in 1982. At that time, the ministry of post and telecommunications and the ministry of foreign affairs formally addressed a letter to the state council proposing the establishment of a national philatelic federation in china. Because taiwan wanted to join the international philatelic federation first and the establishment of the all-china philatelic federation was tantamount to establishing the status of the taiwan philatelic association at the same time, taiwan could only participate as a province of china, as is now the case in sports, in the name of taipei, china, and finally, as taiwan accepted. So the national philatelic federation of china has also dealt well with cross-strait relations。
After the establishment of the china national philatelic union in 1982, it affected a number of areas, followed by the establishment of philatelic associations in various provinces, cities and counties, and china's philatelic collections came up with high-light moments — the equivalent of a home for philatelic collectors. At that time, the slogan was to make the philatelic society a home for philatelic collectors, to allow philatelic users to come and sit at home on a regular basis, to help them learn about stamps and to write philatelic articles。
The golden age of philatelic collection
New kyoto: what else was impressive in that era of high-light philatelic collection
Liu jianhui: in 1993, i was assigned to the national philatelic union by the party of the ministry of post and telecommunications to assist the vice-president of liu tian shwe in preparing the asian post fair in 1996, the first major international post fair in our country. At the asia post fair, i was the field commander-in-chief, when it was held for seven days, with almost 20,000 visitors per day. No one in beijing at that time was aware of the exhibition, and everyone was trying to get tickets to see what was going on at the international post fair, and the philatelic passion was even more intense。
We had no experience at the opening day, when the gate of the international exhibition center was not equipped with a snake-shaped corridor fence, and thousands of people were going in the outside of it. Because of the huge amount of attractive postage in it, including a small stamp with teeth and no teeth, especially a small stamp with no teeth, 5 dollars a day, and a hundred dollars a day, everyone wants to buy one。
9th international philatelic exhibition in asia, china。
At that time, thousands of people were pushing at the door, and it appeared that the head of the security department of the ministry of public security was about to die. He quickly moved a platoon of armed police officers from beijing capital airport behind the fence until the opening ceremony。
New kyoto: this is only an asian post fair, followed by a world philatelic exhibition。
Liu jianhui: the world post fair was held in beijing in 1999 with the participation of philatelic organizations from 82 countries and regions, as well as a large number of mail dealers who could purchase stamps from countries on site. It was a philatelic holiday, and the crowd queuing outside the gate was thousands of miles away, and the heads were piling up in the exhibition hall. The world post fair brought together more than 20 leaders, including the councillor, the vice-president of the national political consultative council and the vice-president of the standing committee. The interest and support of the party and the state for mass cultural activities are fully explained。
The new kyoto newspaper: what are the important postage items at the main exhibition at the international post fair
Liu jianhui: at that time, there were two most of our country's treasures, which attracted both domestic and international audiences. Both are early chinese stamps, one is a full five-cent silver bill and the other is a red stamp and a small word for a one-dollar quadrilateral. Both the world's loners are from hong kong's philatelic philatelic group. When he bought it overseas, for example, the entire five-point silver on the wide edge of the dragon stamps was in the hands of a major in the united states who, after his death, was auctioned and eventually filmed at a high price by philatelic philatelic philatelic lin man。
Red stamp and small word for one dollar stamp。
The new kyoto newspaper: in those years, did philatelic collectors know the value of the stamp collection
Liu jianhui: as far as philatelic groups are concerned, the internal composition is complex. Some of them are hardcore philatelic collectors, who are motivated by their personal preferences and who do not change their intentions. Although there are so many stamps, none are sold. For them, the collection is fun. If a collection of stamps was missing, it would have to be found. Many philatelic collectors have done so, and have found a stamp that runs around beijing and across the country, and have been so happy that they have not eaten。
There are also philatelic collectors specializing in a particular topic, such as sports stamps, collecting all sports-related stamps, and a friend in the philatelic community who collects insect stamps from countries around the world and compiles them into a mail collection that tells a series of stories about what the behaviour of these insects is, how they reproduce and how they die。
Of course, there are also postage providers in this group, who eat mainly on stamps, and who also meet the residual needs of some collectors. Some of them left the group, and when the mail market was on fire, they came in and the mail market was bad, and they withdrew。
The interviewee's collection of butterflies of botswana-shaped stamps。
New kyoto: how does the philatelic community generally measure the value of a stamp if it is for value
Liu jianhui: there are three main areas in which, in general, the issuance time is relatively early, such as “geit”, i. E. The commemorative stamps and special stamps issued between 1949 and 1967, when circulation was small and consumed, and the “brother” period was heavily damaged and currently prices are high. In particular, some of the classic stamps, such as the mini-stamp of the melange stage arts, which were particularly low in circulation at that time, are now expensive. There are also stamps issued during the “culture” period, the number of stamps issued during the “culture” period, albeit large, was too high for the public to collect, the stamps were almost all posted on the envelope, few new tickets (unused) were kept and scarcely expensive, and naturally appreciated. For example, the stamp "chairman mao goes to angen" with a circulation of 50 million. Another key is to keep the world alive, given the high consumption and low stock of the stamps, which are still expensive and worth $12,000 if they are good。
The new kyoto: what about the third
Liu jianhui: the third aspect is to see how you keep the stamps. For example, teeth holes, images, reel lack of teeth, stains, yellow spots, etc. The group buying stamps has changed over the last 12 decades, especially on the internet, such as the 30-40 year-old majority of those buying stamps on the “zhao zhou qiu online”, who, after making money in the it industry, are put on the stamp market as a means of saving their value。
"history stamp behind jane"
