Hubei is the traditional province of the southern part of the country, with production of 107,000 hm2 per year, mainly in the 10 southern provinces of the western part of the country, including hunan, guangdong, chongqing, guizhou and fujian. Premature premature cultivation, using multiple layers of temperature protection, is usually available early until early may, and late till mid-october, but on a smaller scale, less than 3 per cent. The vast majority of cultivation takes place in the field or in the small bow sheds of the early spring. In the subtropical monsoon climate in the north of the lake, water heats up and changes in seasons are evident, but time and space are unevenly distributed, extreme weather is more likely and watermelon production carries some natural risks. Agricultural production has a rich and varied pattern of rotation, with greater crop elasticity. The safe planting period in the country can be from the end of january to mid-june and the listing period from early june to early september. 20th, a new seeded watermelon species selected by the zhongzhou academy of agricultural sciences, was validated in hubei province in 2014. By taking stock of the many pilot demonstrations carried out throughout the province over the last three years, the species have demonstrated a high level of productivity, a high quality of beauty, resistance to disease, especially with a long and well-adapted period, and have been referred to as a “stupid variety”. A comparison of the key technical components of the plant's early and late production is presented below with a view to making better use of its advantages。
1. Varieties characteristics
The species are medium-premature (early) seeded watermelon species, female and male alike, and female sections 8-9, with 1 female, leaf plume, deep green, deep, strong growth, branch strength and easy-to-sit fruit for every 5-6 knot. Vegetable contours, green under the skin of fruit, greener ink than the rule strip, red twilight, thick and juicy with fewer seeds, central sugar content of about 12-13%, marginal sugar content of about 8. 5%, cortex thickness of about 1. 0 cm, edible rate of about 62%, merchandise production of about 3,000-1000 kg/667m2, single fruit weight of 6-10kg, small deformity, rigidity of fruit, homogeneity, inhospitable heart, extremely durable storage, high commodity rate, fruit growth of 31-40d. High resistance to atrophy, high damp resistance, high drought resistance, f1 seed ash brown, flat shape and around 50 g weight in thousands。
2. Cultivation
2. 1 on the basis of production habits and cultivation methods, i have a general definition of early ripening in the field, which is to be released from early june to the end of june, from the end of january to the beginning of march; from early july to 20 july, from mid-march to late april; and from late july to early september, from early may to mid-june。
2. 2 cultivation
2. 2. 1 early ripening of melon seedlings shall be protected with plastic + small bow + microfilm + hotlines (2 studio 1 membrane line), with regular 55 °c temperature soup disinfected, natural cooling followed by 3-4h impregnation, seed cleaning and drying, 30-35 °c constant temperature sprouts, typically 24-30 h, seeding of 0. 3-0. 5 cm length. Seed disinfection is more effective when 40 per cent of the ffl is immersed with 1h per 100-fold impregnation, but it must be repeated 4-5 times with clean water to prevent residual poisoning. A 32-50-cavity cavity pyrotechnic formulation matrix with no soil seeding and 70 per cent water content. The seeding will be covered with microfilm protection, with a small bow shed and a large shed, which will be wired in advance on the 80-100w/m2 hotline under the seedbed. The temperature in the vicinity of seedbed seeds is maintained at 25-35°c during the day and 15-18°c at night. General 2-3d seedlings, 5d seedlings. The microfilm should be completely removed from the soil when 10 per cent of the seedlings break. Shrimp age 35-45d (2-3-1 centrifugal) can be removed。
2. 2. 2 the best conditions for seedlings are to have grass-grass carbon matrix (with a small addition of pearl rock), soilless seedlings, seedlings, just 54 percre discs, cold beds (one membrane), seedlings, ibid., 25-30d (2-3 leaf) seedlings, and nursery management, with reference to early nursery. It may also be difficult to control the effects of seedlings or home-grown nutrition。
2. 2. 3 the use of grass-grass (no need to add pearl rock) and soil-free seedlings is recommended, using 70-hole pedestals, or seedlings or not。
Cold beds (one membrane) for seedlings, covered with straw curtains or sunnets to cool them. Due to high summer temperatures, the age of seedlings is not too high and large holes are not available for planting. Shrimp age 12-15d (one-two centrifugal) can be removed。
3 selected fertilizers
3. 1 land selection
The planting of 20 watermelons, which are not well-developed, should avoid heavy stress, although there is a clearer difference in soil selection. Early watermelon production should be based on the choice of the sandy soil, which is easily drained and gas-preserving, and on clay. The melons require a lighter soil and can be drained and pumped. It is advisable to select fields that are not sandy and plated, with emphasis on the condition of ditch irrigation or membrane drips, in addition to open drainage。
3. 2 fertilization
3. 2. 1 premature watermelon has the longest fertility period, which should be applied again to organic fertilizers, control the inorganic nitrogen fertilizer, ensure that the guacamole is robust and robust, sit as early as possible, apply good-quality morbid farmers ' fat 3,000 - 4,000 kg, high nitrogen low phosphorus 20 - 25 kg, medium melons focus on balanced fertilization, acre-quality farmers ' fat 3000 kg, and balance sulphur-based compound fat 35 - 40 kg; late melons have the shortest fertility period, with relatively high demand for inorganic base fattening, and promote early and rapid growth of the melon seedlings, acreage application to quality farmers ' fatty 2000kg, high-methyl phosphorum in nitrogen 50 - 60 kg。
3. 2. 2 in principle, fattening is the main principle of the root pursuit of early watermelon. When the larvae is on average up to about 2kg, the acre is applied 10kg composite sulfur fertilizer + potassium sulphate 20kg urea + 10kg; the cuddly watermelon is pursued twice, the first combined crop is at the beginning of the chicken stretch and the acre is applied shallowly with high nitrogen phosphorus high sulphur-based compound fertilizers 20-25kg for the second time during the bulge period, 25 kg urea percreage applied to watermelon on average up to 3-4 kg; late decorated root fattening began with an average of up to 1 kg in juvenile fruit, 20 kg urea percreage was applied 2-3 times in combination with water recharge (if required) (drill application or drip tube) and then lighter and lighter. In particular, it is suggested that the precise timing of the application should be determined by the strength of the well-developed watermelon, with the appropriate delay and the advance of the long and weak. It should also be combined with pest and disease control, with weekly foliage of organic folates containing a variety of sequestered trace elements。
4. Density branch
4. 1 density
Based on the characteristics of the lake's north climate and the growth patterns of the watermelon, i have the highest production of refined melons in the province, with low production in early and late, and lower production in early and late. At the same time, planting density has a direct impact on commodity production. 530-580 pre-cooked acres, with a distance of 0. 38-0. 42 cm, a width of 6 m, a membrane of 1 fixed in the middle of the compartment, covered by 0. 0014 cm thick and 120 cm wide to form a small bow shed. Medium-crystals are grown from 460-500 acres at a distance of 0. 45-0. 48 cm, and 500-530 at a distance of 0. 42-0. 45 cm at night. Specific planting intensity should be adjusted appropriately to actual management capacity。
4. 2 whole branch
The 20-year-old, medium- and long-term cultivation is based on two whole branches, with high commodity yields and moderate labour levels and easy to handle. The general requirement is to select the chicken at the length of 30 to 40 cm and retain the main one side; and to grow the chicken to around 1 m before the female is opened, remove all the chickens on the two. The difference is that the pre-cooking plant should have a full forklift until the fast expansion of the fruit; the medium-cooking plant should have a lower degree of forklifting, before the fruit sits steady, and after the fruit is determined, if necessary; and the late-cooking plant should have an equally thorough forklift before the fruit sits steady, usually without a forklift after the fruit sits steady and the chicken grows 1. 8 m。
Five, pollinators
5. 1 pollination
Early ripening occurs at the end of april and mid-may, with low temperatures and low light, and needs to be combined with artificially assisted pollination or sit-in porpoises, preferably in the event of low temperatures and rain. In general, after 15 may, when the minimum temperature stabilizes at more than 15°c, no supplementary means are required. Medium- and late-term poaching is natural and does not require manual intervention。
5. 2 results
Pre-cooked with the second or the third female to ensure that more than 60 per cent of the fruit originates in the second female and that only one fruit remains. Medium-cropping normally leaves the fruit with the third or fourth female, with more than 70 per cent of the fruit from the third female and one one to the second. The effect of late-cooked cultivation on yields is not apparent with the retention of the 2nd or 3rd female. No female sitting fruit shall be left in all cooked cultivation。
6. Disease control
6. 1 diseases
There are significant differences in the incidence of diseases occurring in the north of the lake as a result of different sophisticated cultivation. Premature cultivation is most likely to occur in cases of cyanosis, bacterial anthrax and anthrax; premature cultivation is dominated by anthrax and disease; and late-stage cultivation is dominated by viral, cyanosis and bacterial anthrax. Chemical control can be used to combat bacterial diseases such as killable, agro-chain carcinocin, chlorobromoisocyanicuriate, anthrax and cyanide with ether acetazine, esters, metamine, anthrax, cyanide, mercuric disease, virus a, disease implantation, virus bek, ninnamcin. All diseases should be treated in accordance with agricultural priorities, prevention priorities and the principles of integrated prevention and treatment。
6. 2 pests
There are more notable differences between the different well-developed watermelon pests. Prematurely mature watermelon pests are dominated by aphids, red spiders and twilight flies, and mid- and late-time pests are dominated by truffles, night moths, cotton bell bugs, cucumbers and guacamole. Optimals such as amphibian, amphibian, avil, methaline, bromocymethrin, chlorothiochlor and compound are available. All pest control should be prioritized for physical control, biological or plant-based formulations, with substitution drugs, strict control of pesticide safety intervals and prohibition of highly toxic, highly toxic and highly residual pesticides。
7. Grown harvests
7. 1 harvest
The early ripening of 20 open fields will be on the market by the end of june and will take about 40 d from flowering until the fruit is fully cooked, and 31-33 d of the 31d of the 31st and 33rd of the mid- and mid-august maturity requirements. In general, long-distance outgrocing accounts for 80 and a half of the harvest and nearly 90 and a half of the harvest。
7. 2 production
Under medium-level management conditions, two batches of pre-corrigated fruit are grown in the early 20s, with an acre production of 3,000-3500 kg; one batch of pre-corrigated fruit is grown in the middle and with an acre production of 4,000-5,000 kg; and one batch of late-corrigated fruit is grown with acre production of 2,500-3500 kg。
