The growth of potatoes
• temperature: the red potatoes are hot and cold, and their leaves grow fast at an average temperature of 25-28°c. At local temperatures of about 10°c, the growth of the sweet potatoes is inhibited and the roots are not easily developed; when the temperature reaches 15°c, it takes about five days to stimulate the growth of the roots, while at 17 - 18°c the growth of the masonry is normal。
• lights: red potato glitter, with strong leaves, longer leaves, thick penises, a well-developed lead organization and higher production in light. If the light is not enough, leaves are yellow, leaves fall too much, leaves are too young, chickens are long, lead tissues are underdeveloped and organic nutrients formed by assimilation are less transmitted to the roots and less productive. Long daily periods of light contribute to the growth of the leaves, the length of the penis grows and the number of branches increases; 12. 5-13 hours of light per day are more suitable for root expansion; and 8-9 hours of light per day are beneficial for the flowering of the bud, but not for root expansion。
• water: potatoes are drought-resistant crops, but overweeting is not conducive to increased production. Potatoes are afraid of flooding, especially after the potato. Uneven growth rates within and outside roots due to soil dry and wet soil are uneven, often resulting in cracks. In general, the high yield of potatoes, which are prone to flooding and drought, should be accompanied by a timely and appropriate quantity of water in accordance with specific conditions, timely and complete drainage and intensification of crop protection in drylands。
• soils: potatoes require more stringent soil requirements and need to choose lax, fertile and well-drained soil for cultivation. The most suitable soils are yellow, sandy and red, while acid soils and saline soil are not suitable for sweet potatoes. The deep, organicly rich sandy soil and sandy soil are good, and when the soil is heavy, the roots are not good colored, not smooth, the potatoes are poorly shaped, the production is low and the storage is not resistant. The cassava is more acid-resistant and has an adaptation range of approximately 4. 5-8. 5 ph, but suitable for 5. 2-6. 7 soil salinity of more than 0. 2 per cent is not suitable for cultivation。
• growing cycle: potato life is around 5-6 months long, normally seeded in july-august and collected in november-december. Potato is produced over a long period of 160 to 200 days, and it is about 110 to 120 days, divided into three broad stages of growth: early periods, from planting to the canal, with spring potatoes growing for about 60 to 70 days, summer potatoes growing for about 40 days, the current period has been slower, with a more rapid growth of roots and a predominantly fibre-based stage; in the medium term, the period has ranged from 50 days to peak growth of spring potatoes and about 30 days of summer potatoes, which have grown more slowly, and the period has grown more rapidly and is dominated by leaf-growing leaves; the later period has been marked by the decline of the leaves to harvest, and after mid-august, the period has been an important stage in the expansion of the roots since mid-november。
Nutritional value of potatoes
Vitamin abundance: potato is rich in vitamin a, vitamin b, vitamin c, vitamin e, etc. The highest levels of beta-carrotin, vitamin e and vitamin c are found in human immunity, antioxidation, etc。
• the diversity of elements of minerals: red potatoes contain a variety of trace elements, such as calcium, iron, copper, selenium and potassium, which are important for maintaining normal physiological functions in the human body, such as bone and blood health。
• high dietary fibre content: the potato contains a large amount of dietary fibre, which, after evaporation, changes part of the starch, increases the food fibre by about 40 per cent compared to the raw food, effectively stimulating intestinal creeping and promoting defecation。
• protein nutritional complementarities: the abundance of lysine in potatoes and the lack of lysine in rice and flour allow the mixing of potatoes with rice to complement proteins and enhance nutritional values。
• low fat and low heat: per 100 grams of fresh potatoes containing only 0. 2 grams of fat, producing 99 kilocalories, approximately one third of rice, is a good low fat and low thermal food。
Technology for the cultivation of potatoes
• fertilization of the whole field: the potato requires a high level of soil, with the choice of the soil lax, fertile and well-drained before planting, and deep ground conversion, usually at a depth of 30 to 40 cm, to facilitate the growth and expansion of the root of the red potato system. At the same time, organic fertilizers, such as decomposition, composting, etc., are applied in the range of 3,000-4,000 kg per acre, combined with appropriate nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer to meet the nutrient demand for potato growth。
• varieties selection: the choice of the potato varieties suitable for local climatic and soil conditions is common, such as potatoes, potatoes, potatoes, potatoes, etc. High-yielding, stable, high-quality, pest-resistant varieties, such as chest 18 and potato 1, which are well cultivated in different regions。
• potato processing: before planting, the immersion of red potato tubers (crops) in hot water at 40-50 degrees for 30 minutes and then drying up, which helps to prevent the spread of the disease. In addition, seedlings can be used to plant potatoes in warm, wet environments, which can be grown as long as two to three centimetres, which can promote early growth and increase the rate of survival。
• cultivation methods: potatoes can be grown in two ways, either by cutting or plugging. In the case of an incubation, the cut seed is inserted directly into the soil, with a distance of 30 to 40 centimetres per plant; the incubation is the cutting of the tubing to a length of 3 to 4 centimetres, and then into the soil, with a distance of approximately 20 centimetres per plant. Cultivation is generally appropriate at 5-10 cm depth, which can easily lead to the appearance of chips, affecting quality, and is not conducive to their expansion。
• field management
• water drainage: potatoes are both flood-prone and drought-prone, and during their growth they are properly watered in accordance with soil conditions and weather conditions, and the soil is wet but not watered. Particularly during the booming period, water demand is more sensitive, water shortages affect the expansion of the chips, and too much can lead to their decay. During the rainy season, care must be taken to discharge water in a timely manner to prevent the accumulation of water in the fields, resulting in oxygen deficiency and disease。
• weeding in chinese: during the growth of the potato, weeding is done in a timely manner, usually two to three times before it is sealed, at depths of about 5 to 10 cm, which can defusing the soil, increase soil aerobicity and promote root system growth, while removing weeds and reducing the competition between weed and potatoes for nutrients, moisture and light。
• fertilizer recovery: potato needs an adequate nutrient supply during its growth and, in addition to the application of base fertilizer, timely fat recovery. In general, seedlings are followed up 5 to 10 cm long, 5 to 7 kg urea per acre, with water rinsing; 50 to 60 days after transfer, the acre is followed by 10 kg of potassium sulphate fertilizers, which are used for 30 per cent of the days. In addition, in the middle and later stages of the growth of the sweet potatoes, a number of trace element fertilizers, such as boron and zinc, can be supplemented by leaf spray to promote the growth and production of the sweet potatoes。
Pest and pest control: potato is growing vulnerable to pests and diseases such as black corruption, anthrax, aphids, leaf distress, etc. Integrated prevention and treatment measures, such as rational fertilization, periodic disinfection and increased ventilation, are needed to reduce the incidence of pests and diseases. In the event of detection of pests and insects, appropriate medications such as multibacterium, methyl tobuzin, and amphibians and high-efficiency chlorocypermethrin should be applied in a timely manner to prevent and treat the disease, while taking care of the safety interval between the use of the agents and ensuring the quality of the potatoes。
• harvesting and storage: depending on the variety and growth of sweet potatoes, a growth cycle of 80-120 days is generally required. When red potato leaves are yellow, they can be harvested. Carefully excavated potatoes during harvests to avoid damage to the tubers. After harvesting, suitable drying can be made and stored in ventilated, cold and dry areas to extend the shelf life of the potato. During storage, attention should be paid to the protection of the tide, the prevention of freezing, the prevention of rodents, etc., and the storage of potatoes should be regularly checked。
