Iii. Cbm formulae for calculating the number of containers
Single box volume: cbm = long (m) x wide (m) x high (m)
The number of boxes can be placed in a container: the number of boxes that can be organized in a neat manner in each direction is taken and multiplied。
Example: box 60 x 40 x 30 cm with 40 hq (1203 x 235 x 270 cm):
Same box, option a over option b 90 boxes (11%). The direction of the cabinet determines the efficiency of the cabinet, and it takes 10 minutes in front of the foreign trade cabinet to simulate it with excel / cbm calculator, most of which can be overloaded by more than 5%。
Iv. Lcl casevs fcl full box critical points
The most common problem in foreign trade: "this is the whole box or the box?" empirical formula:
Reasons for the recommended mode of delivery
14 cbm or 6 tonnes
Lcl case
Cbm charges, low freight
15-25 cbm
Lcl and 20gp fcl critical
Port of destination lcl rates, time limits, security preferences
25-50 cbm
20gp fcl
It's a whole box. It doesn't collide with others
50-60 cbm
40gp fcl
Medium density goods
60-68 cbm
40hq fcl
Bubbles first
68-78 cbm
45hc fcl (north american route)
North american sea pie / sea card common
Cbm 78
Multibox fcl
2 x 40hq or 2 x 40gp
* heavy cargo (e. G. Stone, metal pieces) by weight rather than cbm. 20gp filled with 22-24 tons of probably cbm 12-15。
Weight limitation: mgw, payload, road limitation
Three often confused "max weight" concepts:
Typical conceptual definition values
Mgw
Maximum gross mass allowed by the container itself (container weight + cargo)
20gp / 40gp / 40hq are 30. 48 tons
Payload (net load)
Mgw - heavy
20gp about 28 tonnes and 40hq about 26. 5 tonnes
Ship company weight limit
Ship company self-defined limit (above or below mgw)
20gp up to 26-28 tonnes and 40hq up to 26-27 tonnes
China's highway heavy
Gb 1589 + overriding local governance
20gp limits 22-24 tonnes; 40hq limits 24-26 tonnes (box weight)
Heavy road in destination country
United states ~21. 7 tonnes (48,000 lbs) / eu 24 tonnes / austral 25 tonnes
Often more restrictive than china
Key perception: 'the ship company allows 28 tons' doesn't mean you can load 28 tons. China's road constraints are the real bottlenecks. Twenty-eight tons of cargo loaded by sea to the port of destination is no problem, but the passage from the factory to the port of qingdao is fined for exceeding the limit + forced to unload. Prior to container loading, confirm: (1) the road weight of the destination country; (2) the weight of the chinese leg; and (3) the weight of the ship company. Takes the minimum of three。
5. 1 what is vgm
The solas convention, which entered into force in july 2016, makes it mandatory for all export containers to be submitted prior to loading to verify the total weight (vgm), otherwise the shipping company refuses to load. Two verification methods:
Vgm is submitted by shipper before the time of the vessel's interception, usually 24-48 hours before the stop si. The actual gross gross error on the bill of lading of vgm > ±5% will be fined by the shipping company usd 200-1,000 per ticket。
Applies to typical size/volume selection requirements for special container selection points
Open the penthouse
Ot (open top)
Superhigh cargo (machines, sculptures, tanks)
20ot /40ot, top uncapable suspension
Waterproof tarpaulins + wood piping; super-highly heavy
Frame box
Fr (flat rack)
Super wide / super long goods (steel structures, wind blades)
20fr / 40fr, no side wall
Oog goods exceeding the size of the standard box are billed according to flat rack
Refrigerator
Rf (reefer)
Refrigerated / refrigerated / warming goods
20rf / 40rh (hq refrigeration)
Net volume ratio of boxes gp 4-5 cbm (terrified layer); pti test report required
Canned boxes
Tk (tank)
Liquid chemicals, food-grade liquids, oils
20tk, volume 17-26,000 l
Need to meet un tank standards; hazardous goods requirement imdg declaration
Ventilator
Vc (ventilated)
Respiratory agricultural products such as coffee beans, cocoa and leather
20vc, side vent
Main south-east asia/african routes
Hanger
Goh (garment on hanger)
Clothing (suit, dress)
40hq modification, with a hanger
Load less efficient than a box, but with no ironing at the end
Side open
Sd (side door)
Big machine, long material
40hq-sd, side door open
Load efficiency is the same as normal 40hq, but is easy to handle
In the middle of the nine main points: heavy loads are laid down on the floor, at the bottom, and the left and right two focus on basic symmetry (the difference 60% weight of the box). At the bottom, keep draining water: a plastic tray or cardboard between the box and the bottom of the box to avoid condensation. Collapse limit: the boxes are loaded with "classes of stacks" marked by the outer box (mostly 5-8 layers). Superlevels can crush bottom cargo. (b) strengthening of the box: the first layer is bundled with flat straps and the top with a balloon or stretching membrane. The order of loading is the opposite of the order of discharge: the last load is first unloaded. The goods of the same consignee are stacked together when the multiple consignees co-contain. Preserve document space: the original packing list is sealed in plastic bags on the inside side of the door for easy identification at the port of destination. 50 cm gap: 20-50 cm space on the side of the door, open for inspection at the port of destination; airbags to block movement in front of the last row of boxes. Wood packaging compliance: wooden butts, wooden boxes must have ipc fumigation tags (ht thermal or mb bromomethane treatment). The unmarked will be destroyed or returned by the customs of the destination country. The container was photographed and archived: 6 photographs were taken (empty inside, loading, full condition, labelling process, sealing process, close-door seal ad hoc), and the consignee was the strongest evidence when complaining about loss of goods. Eight or six common cases of pit-stamping in containers i. 20gp overweight forced to unload containers: 26 tons of stone (with 28 tons allowed by the shipping company) but limited to 22 tons on the chinese highway, trailers being stuck at the first stop of the factory and forced to unload 4 tons of other containers. This resulted in a delay in shipping + an additional container for freight. Case two: 40gp could not be installed: the furniture sample was 245 cm high and 40gp (239 cm inner height) was ordered to lie side by side and was badly damaged. 40hq (inner height 270cm). Case iii. Ot leaks on top of the case: the equipment was rusted by the opening of the roof and the loading of the machine with the old canvas. Ot case canvass must be new or verified and sign loi to indicate that they have been checked. Case iv no ipc tags destroyed: machines loaded to australia were not fumigated and destroyed at customs site in australia + fine aud 2,000 + demurrage fee. All wooden packaging exports must be handled by ippc. Case v: the weight side of the container led to a card flip: 40 hq side filled with empty paper boxes on the side of the heavy machine, which were turned on the block at the destination port road. The container must be balanced by the right and right weight. Case vi vgm leaked fine: the vessel company stopped the vgm without submitting it, the container was dumped (not on board), the freight was paid for, and the 2nd-way booking was retried. Vgm check time must be added to the container calendar. Ix. Freight and time-use reference (qingdao port) container type: ho chi minh, south-east asia, south-east asia, sydney, u. S. A., los angeles, united states of america, and eastern new york, north america
20gp
Usd 2,200-3,500
Usd 3,800-5,500
Usd 2,500-4,000
Usd 600-1,200
Usd 1 800-3,000
40gp
Usd 3,200-4,800
Usd 5 500-7 800
Usd 3,800-5,500
Usd 900-1,800
Usd 2,500-4,200
40hq
Usd 3,300-4,900
Usd 5,600-7,900
Usd 3 900-5,600
Usd 950-1,850
Usd 2,600-4,300
Statute of limitations
12-18 days
30-45 days
30-40 days
5-10 days
20-28 days
* for information only. The actual quotations are available for updates in the light of the heavy seasons, fuel surcharges, and high levels of space stress。
What can matt international do for you
As an international freight forwarder at the port of qingdao, 26 years ago, our maritime operators provided you with:
What kind of box
Send us names, number of pieces, size of boxes, weight. Our shipping team gives advice on box selection in an hour。
Immediate consultation
Common problems faq
How much cbm can 20gp and 40gp carry
20gp theory 33. 2 cbm, actual assembly 25-28 cbm; 40gp theory 67. 7, actual 55-60; 40hq theory 76. 4, actual 65-68. "practical fit" depends on the size of the box, the size of the stack, the amount of the remaining bundle, etc。
What's the maximum load of 20gp? Why is overweight more common than overweight cbm
20gp mgw 30. 48 tonnes net load ~28 tonnes, except for china's road limit of 22-24 tonnes. High-density goods (stones, metals) are easily overweight instead of being filled with cbm - 'weight without bubble'。
How much more 40hq than 40gp? Why does everybody use 40hq
40hq is higher than 40gp by 31 cm and has a volume of approximately 8-9 cbm, but only usd 50-150 for shipping. 40hq。
What about cbm? How do you decide to leave lcl or fcl
Cbm = long x wide x height (m). Criticality point: 14 cbm case, 15-25 cbm, 25 cbm 20gp, 50 cbm 40gp, 60 cbm 40hq。
Why is it so difficult to load containers 100%
The size of the boxes and their bodies cannot be removed, the walllines of the boxes cannot be filled on top, stacking limits, laminated spaces, etc. 40hq actual container efficiency 85-92 per cent is already good. Before the cabinet, excel presets can overload 3-5 cbm。
