The sika deer, called cervus nippon, is one of the most representative wildlife in east asia, whose elegant appearance and unique ecological habits attract countless natural lovers. From the distribution of habitats, food selection, reproduction patterns and the current state of protection, this paper will provide an in-depth analysis of the survival codes of the plum deer. In particular, the article focuses on high-population areas such as north-east china and hokkaido, japan, and combines the latest ecologic research data with a real life map of the plum deer in the common language. The end of the article is accompanied by conservation initiatives to assist public participation in wildlife conservation operations。
I. Global habitat map of the melon deer
As a typical temperate forest species, plum deer distribution is closely related to vegetation types and climatic conditions. At present, global wild stocks are concentrated in the following areas:
1. Central distribution in east asia 2. Japan-landed island entries
Hokkaido's moist land, hokkaido's kibbutzim, supports the world's largest wild plum population, while the central mountainous region of honshu, with warm winters, has become the preferred site for deer populations. A 2024 survey by the ministry of the environment of japan showed that the number of wild plums had exceeded 2. 9 million nationwide。
3. Russian far east flying territories
The primorsky krai river basin (ussuri river basin) along the border with the russian-chinese border is located in a very cold-resistant north-east asian species (cervus nippon hortulum), which often migrates to the low-altitude valley in winter。
Ii. From the bud to the fruit: a four-season recipe for the deer of clubs
As an opportunist herbivore, the diet of the plum deer varies significantly with the season:
1. Spring energy replenishment period (march-may)
Priority is given to new plants with high protein content, e. G. MoAnglian oak, lespedeza, and a large number of herbivores, including dandelion and fern。
Summer nutrition balance (june-august)
The diet of broad-leaved wood leaves, with special preference for species rich in mononoxin, such as beech and maple, can effectively contain intestinal parasites. Research shows that adult deer consumption averages 4-6 kg of fresh leaves per day。
3. Autumn energy reserve period (september-november)
High-fat fruits, such as acorns and walnuts (hickory nut), are heavily ingestion, and fat reserves can increase to 18 per cent of weight, providing energy security for winter and reproductive seasons。
4. Winter survival challenge period (december-february)
The digestive system takes the initiative to reduce metabolic rates in order to reduce energy consumption when subsistence is sustained by eating the bark of trees (e. G. White gill birch bark), lichen and the remaining weeds from snow。
Iii. Reproduction behaviour and population growth patterns
The plum deer's reproduction strategy is well adapted to the cyclical changes in the temperate climate:
1. Surgery and courtship
Late in september and early in november each year, a male competed for mating rights through shouting and fighting. Hokkaido populations usually have an incendiary period of two to three weeks before the north-east of china due to cold weather。
Pregnancy and childbirth
The mother gave birth in a hidden bush in may-june of about 230 days. The fawn can stand within 30 minutes of birth, and the unique spotted coat can be perfectly integrated into the lumber under the forest。
3. Relationship between population density and fertility
In the kyushu region of japan, the age of first births can be raised to 16 months, with an annual fertility rate of 85 per cent, while in north-eastern china, the average age of first births is 22 months due to winter stress。
Iv. Global stock density top3 area details 1. Japan's hokkaido road wetland
The wetland ecosystem (wetland ecology) supports high density populations of 12-15 head per square kilometre, with strong sedges and salt fields (salt lick) as core attractions。
2. White hills protected area, jilin, china
Infrared camera monitoring revealed an adult deer density of 8. 7 per square kilometre in the core area, which is closely linked to the strict hunting ban policy and seasonal feeding schemes in the protected area。
3. Russian sihot mountains (6cq. Jianshusf. Cn)
The establishment of cross-border protected areas in china and russia has resulted in a 120 per cent increase in the region's population over a decade, with some 4,300 active wild individuals, concentrated mainly in the confluence of twig-coldwood。
V. Deliberation of the forest fields: progress in global protection action
Despite the significant recovery of populations in some areas, the deer is still threatened with habitat fragmentation (7hf. Doubansf. Cn) and loss of genetic diversity:
Protection initiatives: the public can be involved in protection by supporting fsc certification of forest products (reduce habitat damage) and participation in citizen science projects (e. G. Deer track records). Each deer is an indicator of forest health (indicator species), and their survival is related to the future of the entire temperate ecosystem。
