Economic watch, journalist wang yajee, is still dependent on imports of more than 95 per cent of the country's 3. 5 million acres of beet。
Sugar has long been an important agricultural product for the people of the country, as well as an important base material for the food and pharmaceutical industries, and for the strategic goods of the country, not only for food security but also for industrial security in the sugar and medicine industries。
On 18 october, during the national beet harvest season, lin ming, director of the manas agricultural pilot station of the xinjiang academy of agricultural sciences, an expert in the national system of sugar industries and a member of the steering group of sugar experts of the ministry of agriculture and rural development, received a special interview from a journalist from the economic watch network to make recommendations on how to break the “card neck” problem of dependence on imports。
Economic watchnet: what is the problem with the “calculation” in the beet industry
Laming: seeds are the “chips” of agriculture and the “ciphers” of harvests, which must be firmly in their hands to ensure the safety of the country's sugar industry. At present, more than 95 per cent of the country's beet seeds are imported abroad, a situation that is mostly due to the problem of two “cages”。
One is the issue of varieties. The combination of beet seeds from abroad is prominent, and sugar enterprises and farmers are at low risk and have high benefits. At present, domestic home-grown beet varieties, even under advanced cultivation techniques, produce roots that are close to the level of foreign varieties, but have lower sugar rates than foreign varieties. As a result, home-grown beet varieties need to be upgraded in terms of root-type, integrated and disease-resistant varieties, and it is urgent to select home-grown beet varieties that are well rooted, easy to harvest and resistant to multiple diseases。
The second is processing. The high rate of ownership in the domestic market is due to the advanced technology for the processing of beet seed pills from abroad, which allow for the production of high seed rates, strong growth and high single seed rates and non-mortem necros. And i started the development of pyrochemical technology later, starting in the 1980s, and the study of pyrochemical technology for beet seeds later. Because of the complexity of the beet seed processing process, poor equipment, poor processing technology, the monolithic formulation of beet-specific pills, and the low use of bioactivity and plant protection product carriers, the diversity of the varieties cannot add value to their resistance and activity. As a result, although several single embryos have been identified in the country, the processing of seeds does not reach 95 per cent of the national sugar beet seed sprouts and is still unable to be replicated in production, owing to the fact that they are highly selective and the technology used to process them。
Economic watch network: what are the reasons for this
Lin ming: lack of quality resources. The country of origin of beet is bordering the mediterranean, and the large area of sugar beet-breeding that began in the 1960s, the scarcity of domestic beet varieties, the scarcity of wild resources and the limited combination of one-pump infertility and multiple resistance to pollination, have greatly affected the pace and quality of the selection of home-grown beet varieties。
There is also a lack of choice of varieties. The overall level of research on beet in our bioengineering and molecular breeding techniques is lagging behind the country's main crops and is far from the world's most advanced technologies. As a result, research on beet breeding continues to be based on conventional breeding methods, supported by molecular labelling techniques, and the organic integration of conventional breeding and molecular breeding, as well as the rapid identification of male infertility and retention systems, genetically resistant genes and synergies, have led to a lack of technological skills in the selection of varieties and slow and ineffective selection processes。
Seed processing is also lagging behind. Our beet seed processing system is generally lagging behind. During the “13th five-year” period, the national sugar industry system “technology for seed expansion and production” focused on research on pre-selection and metallurgical processing techniques for beet seeds, with initial results in seed processing and the development of granular formulations。
However, there are many shortcomings compared to developed countries abroad. First, the pre-seed processors were not sufficiently sophisticated, there was a lack of a high-density seed wind selection machine, a weight selection machine, and a lack of seed detectors to increase the abundance of seeds, remove dead embryos and empty shells; secondly, the pyrochemical formulation needed to be further explored, and the formulations developed did not add suitable insecticides, microbicides and could not be effectively prevented from beet-breeding and pests; and thirdly, the seed awakening technology needed further study。
Also, a good interaction between “production studies” has not yet developed. Sugar enterprises, seed companies and research units have not yet developed good “production studies” synergies. Sugar enterprises rely exclusively on imported seeds from abroad, based on profitability, and there is a lack of attention to beet seed development. Domestic seed enterprises, based on cost savings, are deterred from the development of beet seeds from breeding, abundance, seed selection, seed dressing, etc., together with scarce seed resources, short-term invisibility and the introduction of foreign seed applications. In terms of research units, there are currently five research units in the country, three of them and a small number of enterprises, which have attempted to conduct research and mid-test work on beet-based clothing, but have not developed a mass-based seed processing capacity。
Economic watch network: how to solve the problem of beet seed “crawling”
Lin ming: it is proposed to establish a special fund to upgrade the capacity for processing science, technology and innovation, which could be led by the government, through the creation of a special fund to select powerful research units, seed enterprises to introduce beet seed dressing units, as well as to conduct technological research and innovation, research on seed processing techniques, research on seed dressing techniques and research on beet processing techniques, and to invest in upgrading the technology for the processing of beet seeds in the country。
It is also recommended that specific inputs beet-breeding research beet-breeding beet-breeding beet-breeding beet-breeding beet-breeding beet-breeding beet-breeding beet-breeding should be increased. In the context of high production, sugar and disease resistance, the country's leading beet varieties with a 15. 5 per cent sugar-bearing economic and technical indicator of 5. 5 tons per year were produced in three to five years, and new varieties and associated planting techniques were demonstrated and promoted to break the foreign monopoly. At the same time, resources for beet breeding have been extensively collected and collected from domestic and international beet varieties, leading to excellent genetic excavations, innovations in excellence and efforts to address the problem of beet breeding resources。
In the next step, by nurturing the beet industry's leading enterprises, existing domestic seed enterprises and the leading scientific research units will be able to set up a platform for scientific cooperation between companies, making full use of their respective financial, human, technological and resource advantages, to enhance their organizational capacity for scientific and technological innovation。
Through policy guidance, leading firms in the farming industry have taken full advantage of their leading role in commercial breeding, the transformation of results and their application, the investment of corporate and social capital, the promotion of a system of commercial breeding techniques for “integrated breeding” and the overall promotion of synergy and innovation in production research. The development of a business-based, market-oriented, capital-based benefit-sharing and risk-sharing model for scientific and technological innovation in the beet industry。
The future is also to improve the innovative capacity of our farming industry to implement the concept of high-quality green development, to strengthen beet-based resource innovation, breeding technology innovation and the selection of groundbreaking new varieties, to develop conventional breeding, bioculture, green breeding, intelligent breeding and design breeding, and to develop new beet varieties with autonomous intellectual property, high sugar and high resistance to mechanization。
Improving modern systems of scientific and technological innovation in autonomous research and development, integration of productive research and production, integration of breeding, efficient management of the relationship between basic and applied research, domestic and foreign breeding, relations between conventional and molecular breeding, relationships between research institutes and enterprises, relationships between green quality and high productivity, conservation of quality resources and surveys, excavations, collection, etc。
In response to the backwardness and inefficiency of beet breeding technologies in xinjiang, research and development should be carried out to improve the development and application of modern beet-breeding technologies, eventually through the organic combination of modern molecular breeding techniques and conventional breeding techniques, thereby providing technological support for efficient beet-breeding in the country, establishing a modern business of scientific research, production, processing, marketing and servicing, creating a platform for scientific cooperation between existing domestic seed enterprises and the leading scientific research units, making full use of the talent, technology, resources and research results of scientific research units, accelerating the upgrading of the research and development capacity of the farming industry, promoting the healthy development of the beet industry and establishing various types of service cooperatives to ensure that farmers produce safe and that the raw materials for sugar processing are safe。
By 2025, it will be possible to develop new mechanisms for the sharing of resources and the efficient operation of beet breeding in a well-targeted, integrated and well-integrated set of beet-based genetic resources, the selection of new beet varieties with autonomous intellectual property, high-yielding sugar, disease-resistant, wide-ranging and mechanized practices, suitable cultivation in xinjiang, and the resolution of one of the “crawling” problems of the sugar industry in the country。
In modern breeding techniques, such as modern molecular breeding techniques and indoor assistive choices, efforts are also being made to achieve a breakthrough in the processing of beet-ball seeds that meet the national standards, the development of rational and specialized dressing formulas, the construction of state-of-the-art processing equipment, the upgrading of processing techniques for beet seeds, and the “seed processing” of one of the problems of the “calculation neck” of the domestic sugar industry。
Ultimately, the rate of home-grown new varieties of beet is 10-20 per cent. Through efficient breeding, standardized breeding, specialized processing and the production of new varieties of high-yield, high-quality, green, disease-resistant and autonomous intellectual property rights beet varieties, xinjiang's international competition for beet seeds has turned back into domestic competition and promoted the healthy and stable development of the xinjiang sugar industry。
