As the demand for electricity increases, it is essential to have some basic electrical knowledge, both in electric work and in the household around us. (c) to facilitate the use and maintenance of work and life. The following are two areas of building electrical and electrical control. To help you with your work, your life and your information。
I. Building and electrical basics
Switches and plugins:
1, bottom box 86: the 86 bottom box is the most commonly used switch, plug-in box, which is called 86 boxes with 8. 6 cm length and width. Three common types of depths of 5 cm, 6 cm, and 7 cm, combined with clear and covert
2. Intubation, switch standard installation height: no special requirements for normal plugins at an altitude of 0. 3 m above ground, kitchens, balcony outlets at an altitude of 1. 2 m - 1. 5 m above ground, air conditioning, electrical curtains at an altitude of 2. 2 m. Switches are installed at a standard height of 1. 3 m, which is appropriate for 1. 2 m-1. 4 m. Interpolation in the same space with a switch not exceeding 5 mm。
Three, five-hole plugs: two plugs, one for two and one for three holes, which are commonly known as five holes。
Plugwire: the back of the plug, the l-wire, the n-wire, the e-wire。
5. Right-hand fire: whether three or two holes, the left of the plug is zero and the right of the plug is wire。
6. Plug-in power: in general 10a or 16a electric outlets are used in households. Generally installed plugs of 0. 3 m are typically 10a, 10a plugins can use electrical appliances around 2kw and 16a plugins around 3kw. People with electricity:
Indoor electrical general distribution box 7. Domestic power: the normal building design power is usually 6-8 kw per household, with a main line configuration of 6 or 10 square lines for the head of household。
General branch switches: the total household power switch is typically 32a-63a with a maximum load power of 6kw-8kw in a instant。
Household distribution break-off switches: all but lighting and air conditioning switches in the general distribution box are leak protection switches with a current value of 30 ma。
10, conversion of ac power: normally ac is estimated at 1p = 800w。
11. Load power: 1 kw per hour consumes one-time electricity。
Lights: our usual lamps are e27 or e14, where e refers to the spiral mouth and 27 or 14 to the diameter of the light. Category of safe electrical protection:
Temporary electrical protection. Technical measures for the safety of electrical operations: power outages, electrical inspection, hanging lines, markings, fencing。
14. Safe protection distance: 10-15 cm low pressure safety distance (under 400 v) and 70 cm high pressure safety distance (10 kv)。
15, maintenance work: no maintenance work related to an electrician shall be performed without holding an electrician's entry card. 16, meltinger insurance: the fuse used in electrical equipment, the substitution of other metal wire is prohibited, the pick-up type and the melting value must match the charge。
17- drop insurance: pull the middle and then pull both sides when the break is off. When you send a message, you close both sides and then you deliver the medium。
18, safety voltage: safety voltage in the field of electric power generally means the voltage up to 36v and the maximum current is not greater than 10a. Electro-guided basic knowledge type:
Safe flow power
19. Household electroconductors: the common household guidance lines are 2. 5 mm or 4 mm. Load power 4kw ~ 6kw。
20, guided chromatographs: firelines are commonly indicated in yellow, green, red, zero in blue, and ground line in red, yellow and green。
21. Wire currents: 10 down, 22 up, 25, 35, 3, 70, 95, twice, 80% temperature, copper upgrading。
The specifications commonly used for wires are 16 in units of 1. 5, 2. 5, 4, 6, 10, 16, 25, 50, 70, 120, 185, 240。
23, wireline configuration: household configuration of general lines is typically 16 or 20 and the number of wires is typically three, with a maximum of six。
24 pipeline requirements: all cables shall not have a connection inside the tube, which may be equipped with a patch box。
Ii. General knowledge of electrical control
Basic types of distribution cabinets (boxes):
25, equipping tank protection: the selected type of the distribution tank is usually ip54, of which 5 refers to dust protection level 5 and 4 to water protection level 4。
26, voltage plate: the inner core of the tank is called the voltage plate, which is often used to install electrical accessories
Line introduction, feeder: the introduction in the line generally points to the incoming line, the feeder generally points to the line and the corresponding number is distinguished in the distribution cabinet。
Qf is a breaker, fu is a breaker, al is a light line, ap is a power line, in which power lines are usually numbered using the initials of the power device。
28, tranquilizer indicator lamps: the power source instruction often uses white light instructions, the start-up light is typically green, the stop light is typically marked in red, and the alarm light is typically marked in yellow or bells。
29 control (boxes) cabinet buttons: in the control distribution cabinets, the green buttons are typically used to start, the red buttons are used to stop, the main switch is made with a black rotation button and the white/red switch button is used to display the distribution cabinet voltage。
Electrical protection of distribution cabinets: the distribution cabinets should be equipped with mine avoidance facilities and repeat protection. Basic commons for relay control:
Exposure connectors: the communication contacts a1 and a2 are, respectively, fire and zero lines at the contact control end。
Contacts are frequently open and closed: the contact point is the state of disconnection in case of non-electricity, the electrical mode is closed and is commonly indicated by no. The constant closure point of the contact point is: in the absence of power, it is in a constant state of shut-down, when electricity is out, commonly expressed as nc。
Control of circuits: the relay control circuits are usually controlled by a single power source of 220 v, which selects 1. 5 mm single-unit circuit connections for signal interconnection and connectivity. The general circuit protection smelter is usually 5a with a maximum of 10 an。
Self-locking, interlocking: after the lock points to power or the power is out, the electrical itself is closed and frequently changed, presenting a self-change. Interlocks refer to the movement of electrical 2 through and out of electrical 1 as a result of changes in electrical power。
Open, closed, complex buttons: the frequent button refers to a disconnected state under normal conditions, and the opposite is a closed state under normal conditions. Composite buttons have both open and closed signals。
Relay control electrical symbols: in relay control circuits, in plain and simple form. Electrical names are often used as symbols, such as kt for time relays, qf for circuit breakers and fu for breakers. Frs are heat relays, sb buttons, km contacts, etc. Overview: 36 above, basic knowledge of common sense in the fields of building electrical and electrical control. You can use six different types of scenes to sort them out。
