The tower, or tower crane, is assessed in accordance with jgj59, the building safety inspection standard, which is in accordance with the existing national standards gb 5144, the tower crane safety protocol, and jgj 196, the current industry standard, the safety technical protocol for the installation, use and dismantling of construction tower cranes。
Ten
The construction of the tower should be carried out in strict compliance with its operating procedures, so that it is not suspended as follows。
He's not hanging
Hangs overload or unknown weight
No objects buried in the ground or adhesived to the ground
No one or more commands, infractions and unsuspected signals
Small objects do not hang without a basket or beyond the edge of the basket
Stand up and hang people or live things
Hanging and attachments do not meet safety requirements
Hard edges of the suspension, non-defensible objects
Security's not working
10
Heavy rains, snowstorms, fogs, severe weather like six and above
10 inspections
The tower inspection assessed compliance with the 10 inspections. The guarantee items shall include: a load limit, 2-way limit, 3 protection, 4 hooks, sliders, rollers and wire ropes, 5 towers, 6 detachments, acceptance and use. General items should include: 7 attached, 8 basics and orbits, 9 structural facilities, 10 electrical safety。
Load limiter
1) weight limitrs should be installed and be sensitive and reliable. When the starting weight is greater than the rated value of the corresponding slot and is less than 110 per cent of the rated value, the power in the direction of the upturn shall be cut, provided that the agency moves in the direction of the downturn
2) gravity rectangles should be installed and be sensitive and reliable. When the gravitational rectitude is greater than the rated value under the corresponding condition and less than 110 per cent of the rated value shall be cut off from the power in the direction of increase and increase in magnitude, provided that the agency may move in the direction of decrease and decrease in magnitude。
Note:
The tower crane shall be fitted with a gravity rectangular limiter. The contact points for the control of the calibration bands or for the control of the fixed bands shall be set separately and can be adjusted separately; the maximum velocity of the tower cranes for the small car bands is over 40 m/min, operating outward of the small car, and the rate of transformation shall automatically be not greater than 40 m/min when the gravitational rectitude reaches 80% of the rated value。
Process limit device
1) high altitude limitrs shall be installed and the safety route of the high altitude limitrs shall be in accordance with the specifications and shall be sensitive and reliable
2) tower cranes with small vehicle sizes should be equipped with small car trip switches, and tower cranes with large arms bands should be equipped with a limited range and be sensitive and reliable
3) tower cranes with no collectors in the rotary segment should be equipped with circuit limitrs and should be sensitive and reliable
4) walking tower cranes should be equipped with walk-off limitrs and be sensitive and reliable。
Note:
Tower cranes that do not contain electrical appliances should be equipped with circuit limitrs to prevent cable hangings. When revolving the limit position in two reverse directions, the angle of the arm rack should not be greater than ±540°。
Protective devices
1) tower cranes with small vehicle sizes shall be equipped with break-line and axle protections and shall conform to regulatory requirements
2) at the end of the orbital itinerary with walking and small vehicle variations, buffers and blockages shall be installed and shall conform to regulatory requirements
3) tower cranes with a nodal point height greater than 50 m shall be equipped with wind speeds and be sensitive and reliable
4) when the top height of the tower crane is greater than 30 m and above the surrounding building, the barrier sign shall be installed。
Note:
A tower crane with small vehicle sizes should be equipped with a two-way car-band breaker to ensure that the car does not move on the arm of the crane when the wire rope is towed before and after the car is broken; the break-axis protection must ensure that the vehicle does not break out of the arm even if the wheel fails。
For tower cranes operating in orbit, limits shall be set for each direction of operation, including limit switches, buffers and terminal stoprs. The limit switch shall ensure that the end distance of the crane when it stops at the rear of the switch is greater than 1 m。
Hooks, sliders, rollers and wire ropes
1) the hook shall be fitted with a wire-line anti-decoupling device and shall be complete and reliable, and its wear and deformation shall be within specified limits
2) sliders, rollers shall be fitted with steel wire-line defenses and shall be complete and reliable, and the wheel, rollers and rollers shall be worn within the prescribed limits
3) the wear, deformation, and corrosion of the wire rope shall be within specified limits of permission, and the specification, fixed, entanglement of the wire rope shall conform to the specifications and specifications。
Note:
Rollers, lifts and arms-changing tower cranes shall have a steel wire-line anti-defeating device, the surface of which shall not exceed 20 per cent of the steel-line line by the outer edge of the slider or of the side plate of the roller, and the surface of which the device may be in contact with the wire-line shall not have an angle。
The repair, inspection and end-of-life of wire ropes shall be in accordance with the provisions of the existing national standards for the maintenance, maintenance, installation, inspection and end-of-life of cranes gb/t5972。
Dottawork
1) the multi-tape operation shall have a dedicated construction programme and be approved
2) the minimum installed distance between any two tower cranes shall meet the normative requirements。
Note:
The minimum installed distance between any two tower cranes shall be as follows:
1) no less than 2 m between the end of the lifting arm of the lower tower and the tower of another tower crane
2) the vertical distance between the lowest position of the high tower crane (or the bottom of the hook up to the highest point or the lowest level of balance) and the highest position of the low tower crane shall not be less than 2 m。
The safe distance of the two adjacent tower cranes, if not properly controlled, is likely to cause significant security incidents. When multiple tower cranes are staggered at adjacent sites, their respective special use programmes should be developed on the basis of a coordinated operational relationship to ensure that no two tower cranes are touched。
Installation, acceptance and use
1) installation and dismantling units shall have professional contracting qualifications and safe production permits for the installation of lifting equipment
2) installation and dismantling shall be subject to a special construction programme, which shall be approved and approved
3) the procedure for receiving and inspection shall be carried out after installation and the receipt and inspection form shall be confirmed by the signature of the liable person
4) installation, disassembling of operators and drivers, and the induction of officers in command
5) platoon cranes shall be routinely inspected prior to operation as required and shall complete the inspection records
6) conducts multi-shift operations and completes the transfer records as required。
Note:
Prior to the installation of the tower cranes, the installation unit shall prepare a special construction programme for the installation and dismantling of the tower cranes, which shall be approved by the technical head of the installation unit and forwarded to the main contractor for construction or to the unit or units responsible for monitoring them, and shall inform the administrative authorities responsible for construction at the county level and above where the works are being carried out。
Receiving and inspection procedures should comply with the normative requirements and should strictly prohibit the use of unexperienced or incompetent tower cranes。
Attach
1) when the height of the tower crane exceeds the specifications of the product, it shall be fitted with attachments which shall conform to the specifications and specifications of the product
2) design calculations and approvals shall be performed when the level distance attached to the device does not meet the requirements of the product description
3) the construction load structure for the installation of the inner reptile tower crane shall be subject to stress calculation
4) the verticality attached to the front and rear towers shall meet the normative requirements。
Note:
When a tower crane is attached to a place that does not meet the specifications, the attachment shall be designed and calculated and approved to ensure safety. Design calculations must be adapted to the actual conditions on the ground and ensure safety。
The verticalness of the front and rear towers attached shall conform to the specifications and, in a state of airborne wind speed not greater than 3 m/s:
1) 4-percent verticalness to the side bearings of the stand-alone tower (or the tower attached to the top point or above)
2) 2 per thousand vertically attached to the bearings of the towers below the dots。
Foundation and track
1) the tower crane base shall be designed, tested and accepted in accordance with the product specifications and relevant provisions
2) should be based on drainage measures
3) road-based boxes or pillow-laying shall conform to product specifications and specifications
4) orbital laying shall conform to product specifications and regulatory requirements。
Note:
In the event that the design basis provided in the instructions for the tower crane does not meet the ground-based carrying capacity requirements on site, the base design for the tower crane shall be carried out and the approval, testing and acceptance procedures shall be performed。
Structural facilities
1) the deformation and corrosion of the main structural components shall be within the limits of regulation
2) platforms, walkways, ladders, fences should be set up in accordance with regulatory requirements
3) high-strength bolts, loss of axes, firmness of fastenings, connections should meet specifications, and high-strength bolts should use force-tangles
Hands or specialized tools are strong。
Note:
When a connection is replaced, it loses its intrinsic link function and may cause structural discomfort, disassembly and safety accidents. High-strength bolts can only be assured if the twist reaches the specified value。
10
Electrical security
1) tower cranes should be supplied with tn-s to zero protection systems
2) the safety distance and protective measures of tower cranes and empty lines shall conform to regulatory requirements
3) tower cranes should be equipped with mine-shielding devices and should conform to regulatory requirements
4) the use and fixing of cables shall conform to regulatory requirements。
Note:
The safe distance between a tower crane and an empty line is the smallest distance between any part of a tower crane and the line on the edge of an empty line, as shown in the table below. When the safe distance is less than specified in the following table, effective protective measures must be taken as required。
Safe distance between tower crane and empty line
In order to avoid lightning strikes, the main structure of the tower crane, the electric seat and the metal shell of all electrical equipment, the metal shield of the guide, should be reliably connected to the ground and not more than four times the electrical resistance. When multiple repeat sites are used, they should not be more than ten times. The selection and installation of the local installation shall conform to the relevant regulatory requirements。
Safety is management. Accidents are prevention
