In our higher education systemLiteraryThe core objectives of the specialty, which belongs to the literary category (scientific code 05), are to develop students ' linguistic skills, human literacy, critical thinking and cultural communication skills in a wide range of fields, including linguistic research, literary creation and commentary, intercultural communication, and the dissemination of information. According to the bibliography of undergraduate studies in general higher education (2024), the major specializations in literature are divided into:Chinese language literatureCategoryForeign language literatureCategoryJournalismIn the three main subjects, the theatre and film literature, which are closely related to literature, are included (in some institutions, they are classified as arts). The following is a systematic analysis of the specific classification, core development orientation and professional characteristics of the literary profession in terms of the dimensions of the first-level discipline。
I. Chinese language and literature: studies focusing on mother tongue culture and language
The chinese language and literature category (scientific code 0501) is the core branch of the literary profession. It is the subject of research in the chinese language, chinese literature and culture, and is the basic discipline for developing the ability to use the mother tongue, literary appreciation and research. The subject has seven core undergraduates, and some colleges will add cross-cutting specializations according to their own characteristics。
1. Chinese literature (050101)
As a “basic section” of chinese literature and literature, chinese literature has a “broad calibre and heavy base”. Its core curriculum covers the three main modules of chinese (old chinese, modern chinese), literature (chinese ancient literature, chinese modern literature, chinese contemporary literature, foreign literature), literature (literary theory, aesthetics), and, in some institutions, creative writing, folklore, and comparative literature. The profession is dedicated to the development of human resources with a solid merit in chinese, literary and analytical skills, and speech skills. Graduates are able to work in the fields of education, editorial publishing, cultural promotion, writing, etc., and are among the more widely employed subjects in literature。
2. Chinese (050102)
Unlike chinese literature, which focuses on literature, the chinese language profession focuses more on the study of the language itself. Its core curriculum is centred on chinese speech, vocabulary, grammar and text, including modern chinese speech, chinese vocabulary, chinese grammar theory, literature, linguistic generals, etc. Some institutions also offer special subjects such as dialect studies, language acquisition, language policy, etc. The aim of this specialty is to train specialists in language studies and applications, suitable for students interested in linguistic patterns, dialect protection and linguistic teaching theory. Graduates may work in language studies, chinese language teaching (in the country), language planning, speech writing, etc。
3. Chinese international education (050103)
The predecessor of chinese-language international education is the foreign-speaking specialty, which has as its central objective the development of foreign-chinese-language teaching staff. The curriculum system takes into account the chinese-language body of speech/syllables/grammaticals, intercultural communication (intercultural communication, comparison of culture between middle and foreign) and teaching practices (in chinese classroom design, theory of learning in two languages), with some institutions requiring the choice of a foreign language (e. G. English, japanese) and strengthening of oral skills. The graduates of this specialty are mainly directed at international chinese-speaking educational institutions, the confucius institute abroad, foreign cultural enterprises, and work in chinese teaching, intercultural communication coordination, etc., requiring greater intercultural adaptability and teaching practices。
4. Classical literature (050104)
Classical literature is centred on the “collation and study of ancient chinese literature” and is an academicly biased profession in literature. Its core courses include ancient cataloguing, classical versionology, ancient surveying, literature, hymnology, ancient chinese cultural history, and some of its institutions have developed special directions in the fields of tungsung science, cassiterite literature research, and ming archives research. This specialty develops talent in the fields of ancient writing, documentation and research in traditional culture. Most of the graduates are enrolled in higher education, research institutes, libraries, antiquities publishing houses, work in the fields of documentation, academic research, restoration of ancients, etc., and require a high level of academic and academic interest。
5. Chinese minority language literature (050105)
China's minority languages and literature focus on the study and transmission of the languages, literature and culture of the country's minorities and are divided into different directions according to the characteristics of the institution (such as tibetan language literature, mongolian language literature, uighur language literature, strengthened language literature, etc.). Its core courses include minority languages (spoken/grammatical/text), minority literature (classical/modern), ethnocultural history, ethnolinguistics, etc. Some institutions offer courses on ethnocultural protection, cross-border ethnolinguistic studies, etc. This specialty provides training in the teaching of minority languages, the transmission of culture, and the promotion of culture in ethnic areas. The graduates mainly serve the educational, cultural, radio and other systems in ethnic minority areas, as well as linguistic advantages and ethnic culture。
6. Secretarial studies (050106)
Secretarial studies are both literary and applied, targeting “the development of highly qualified secretarial staff”. The curriculum system integrates the three main modules of the chinese language base (applied writing, correspondence processing), management fundamentals (administrative sciences, office management), substantive skills (conference organization, archives management, business protocol), and some colleges have enhanced computer office skills and foreign language competence training. This profession develops a composite “text + management + practice”, which is suitable for entry into party bodies, business units for secretarial, administrative, planning, etc., and requires a high level of skills in terms of skills and communication coordination。
7. Chinese language and culture (050107t)
Chinese languages and culture are an emerging cross-cutting profession characterized by “deep integration of chinese language with chinese culture”. Cultural dissemination modules have been added to the curriculum on the basis of chinese (e. G., chinese cultural generals, cultural communicators, international cultural exchange practices). Some colleges have also developed cultural creativity, non-removable protection, overseas dissemination of chinese culture, etc., to develop both linguistic and cultural communication skills and suitable for students interested in cultural output and international cultural exchange。
Ii. Foreign language and literature: a focus on cross-linguistic communication and international perspectives
Foreign languages and literature (scientific code 0502) are the subjects of study in foreign languages, literature and culture, and are the core subjects for the development of skills in cross-linguistic communication, international cultural exchange and foreign languages. It includes three categories of “common language” “non-common language” “crossing language” and covers the major language systems of the world。
1. Universal language specialization (main languages)
Universal language refers to the use of a wide range of languages with a high demand for international communication and to the basic specialization in foreign language and literature, including, inter alia:
English (050201): this is the most popular foreign language specialty, with core courses covering english languages (english voice, vocabulary, grammar), literature (english-american literature, english-speaking national culture), applied skills (english hearing, spoken language, reading, writing, translation) and some schools have separate “literate orientation” “translation orientation” “education orientation” “business orientation”. This specialty develops an integrated application of english, where graduates can work in translation, education, foreign trade, cross-border electronics, international affairs, etc., and are more widely employed in foreign languages。
• russian (050202): as an important language covering russia and the cis countries, courses include russian language, russian literature, russian culture and russian/chinese translation. Some institutions have strengthened specialized russian in the field of energy, trade (e. G. Oil russian, commercial russian) and graduates have mostly served russian trade, energy cooperation and cultural exchanges。
• german (050203), french (050204), spanish (050205) and arabic (050206). These are the official languages of the united nations and take into account the linguistic base, literary culture and applied skills in the curriculum. Among them, spanish and arabic are widely available (in latin america and in the middle east) and demand is high in the areas of cross-border trade, international organizations and cultural exchanges, and some institutions are jointly trained with universities in the target countries。
Specialization in non-national languages (specialty languages)
Non-common language refers to the use of relatively narrow but regionally important languages whose demand has grown rapidly in recent years as the “one-way” initiative has advanced, including, inter alia:
• east asian languages: japanese (050207), korean (050209). Due to the close exchange of economic and cultural exchanges between china and the republic of korea, the courses reinforce the applications of business, culture, science and technology, so that graduates can work in foreign trade, japanese/korean enterprise management and cultural dissemination。
• south-east asian languages: vietnamese (050223), thai (050220), myanmar (050216), etc., covering countries along the “one-way” route in south-east asia, with courses focusing on regional culture, cross-border trade practices, with graduates mostly working in the areas of cross-border electricians, engineering cooperation, cultural exchange in south-east asia。
• small languages in europe: portuguese (050218), italian (050219), polish (050228), with portuguese covering brazil, portugal, italian focused on culture, fashion fields, graduated fan
