Boilers as special equipment
It looks like a simple industrial device
But if it's not applied correctly
This could lead to safety accidents such as boiler explosions。
What's the reason for the boiler explosion
What are the preventive measures
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During the operation of the boiler, when certain parts of the pressured component exceed the required charge, the weakness breaks suddenly, and the saturated water vapour stored in the boiler immediately comes out of the vent, the instant pressure falls to equal the external atmospheric pressure and is highly dangerous。
01
Overpressure ruptured
The operational pressure of the boiler exceeds the maximum permitted working pressure, resulting in the component stress exceeding the maximum stress of the material. Excessive stress conditions are often caused by failure of safety discharge devices, failure of pressure gauges, failure of ultra-pressure alarm devices and poor handling of severe water shortages。
02
Overheated failure
The steel plate is overheated and burned, with reduced intensity resulting in damage to the component. The boiler is usually dry-burned due to lack of water. It is too thick and is caused by the presence of foreign matter such as grease or human asbestos rubber sheeting in the boiler。
03
Corrosion lapses
The strength of the element is reduced by caustic flaring。
04
Cracks and risers
The elements are subject to a contours force, creating a fragrance, combined with corrosion, and are reduced in a trough。
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05
Water damage
The pressure element is subject to a strong additional stress effect due to the impact of the water hammer on the soda system caused by improper operation。
06
Unreasonable repair, repair
It's causing the boiler to explode。
07
Congenital defects
Design failures, serious errors in structural stress, heat compensation, water cycle, materials, strength calculations, safety facilities, etc. Misuse of materials, uncharted construction, poor welding quality, heat treatment, water pressure testing etc。
(a) measures to prevent overpressure: reasonable setting, regular calibration, correct maintenance of safety valves, pressure meters, water table
Measures to prevent overheating: rational setting, surveillance, maintenance, washing of water tables, prevention of water scarcity and prevention of glucose and foreign matter and grease from entering the boilers
Corrosion prevention measures: water quality indicators should be consistent with relevant national technical regulations and standards and should enhance maintenance
Prevention of tatter break-ups: no sudden cooling, less muscular stress, inspection of the ready-to-eat areas, timely repair
Prevention of water strikes: pay attention to water extraction in the soda system and maintain water level stability. No water level anomalies
Strengthen design review, manufacturing and installation inspection, periodic inspection and maintenance work to eliminate accident hazards。
The boiler is regarded as a special equipment because, in addition to its greater vulnerability to accidents, it has a devastating explosive risk。
The pressured elements of the boiler are worse than those of the general pressure vessel, often eroded by water, steam, flue gas and all kinds of harmful impurities in the air, and have been washed with flue gas for long periods of time, with high temperatures and steel corrosion, wear and deformation. If not properly managed, there are also deficiencies such as burning, cracking, caustic fraying, etc. Some boilers have congenital hazards when they are designed, manufactured, transported and installed, and problems occur once they are put into operation, so that they should be strictly regulated in accordance with the technical guidelines for boiler safety。
(1) design of boilers: they shall be designed to meet safety, energy efficiency and environmental requirements. The design documents for the boiler shall be validated by the inspection body approved by the special equipment safety control authority and may be used in manufacturing。
(2) manufacture of boilers: the manufacturing unit shall obtain a manufacturing licence, strictly enforce the systems of inspection of raw materials, process management and quality, in accordance with the relevant standards, to ensure the quality of the product, and only after inspection and inspection by a special equipment inspection and inspection agency for sale at the plant。
(3) installation of boilers: the unit that installs the boiler shall be entitled to obtain a permit for the installation of the boiler, prior to construction work shall be notified to the local special equipment safety inspection agency, work shall be carried out in strict compliance with the relevant standards and norms, inspection and inspection of the special equipment inspection agency shall be carried out and a registration certificate shall be issued。
(4) repair and adaptation of boilers: whenever the boiler is damaged by pressure elements, it shall be repaired in a timely manner. The repair and rehabilitation of the boiler shall be carried out by the units with the appropriate qualifications, prior to the construction of which shall be notified to the local special equipment safety inspectorate, and the major repairs and alterations shall be certified by the special equipment inspection and inspection agency for re-use。
The primary purpose of the operational boiler tests is to identify the state of safety of the boiler equipment in a timely manner, detect deficiencies in a timely manner, provide reasonable advice and programmes for the repair and adaptation of the boiler in order to avoid accidents and ensure its long-term safe operation。
Periodic testing:
Periodic tests of boilers are conducted in operational condition by external tests, internal tests in shutdown and water (resistence) pressure tests, and are conducted by special equipment testing and testing agencies。
External inspections are performed annually, usually once every two years, while the power station boiler is performed simultaneously, usually once every three to six years; the first internal inspection is performed one year after the boiler is operational。
Water (resistence) pressure tests are conducted when the safety of the equipment is suspected by the personnel or the unit of use。
