The automobile industry, which is based on rubber, metallurgical, petrochemical, electronics, electronics and communications, is growing rapidly. The world's automobile manufacturing plants have developed a variety of vehicles according to their own characteristics, dynamic, comfortable, safe, luxurious and integrated into more high-tech technologies. This poses greater demands and challenges for our maintenance staff. As a qualified and good maintenance staff, they should be skilled in maintenance techniques and in the use of diagnostic instruments and combined analytical judgement. At the same time, their level of expertise should be constantly improved. According to incomplete statistics, no more than 30 per cent of high- and middle-school maintenance staff in our city are faced with complex motor vehicles, and it is more important that they continue to learn their expertise and improve their comprehensive qualities in order to be able to cope in practice. In case of troubleshooting, maintenance tools are applied correctly and flexibly, and methods are known to be more effective, with the following mini-authors sharing a full description of vehicle maintenance tools, five methods of car maintenance and six taboos on car maintenance。
Introduction to auto maintenance tools
General tools
Common tools include hammers, caps, pliers, wrench, etc。
(i) hand hammer. The hammer, made of hammerheads and handles. The hammer weighs 0. 25 kg, 0. 5 kg, 0. 75 kg, 1 kg, etc. Hammerhead shapes have round head and square head. The handle is made of hard wood, usually 320-350 mm long。
(ii) starters. The head (also known as a screwdriver) is a tool used to tighten or spin a thong snail. And he splits his head into wood, and he wears his heart's head, and he binds his head, and he crosses his head, and he turns his heart's head. The sizes of the head (head of poles) are: 50 mm, 65 mm, 75 mm, 100 mm, 125 mm, 150 mm, 200 mm, 250 mm, 300 mm and 350 mm. When using the cape, it is required that the opening of the starting blade be flat and consistent with the width of the screwdriver, with no oil on the top. (c) to fully match a screwdriver's sluice, and when the centre line is aligned with the centre line of the screw, the screws can be sharpened or spin loose。
(iii) pliers. There are many kinds of pliers, with lithium pliers and sharp-mouth pliers commonly used in car repair. 1, carpfish cutters: hand-held or cylindrical parts with bladed cuts to the metal. When used, wipe the oil from the pliers in order to avoid slippage at work. When the parts are secured, they bend or twist; when the large parts are caught, the clamps are magnified. Can't twist bolts or nuts with a plier. 2, pegs: used to hold parts in small places。
(iv) wrenches, which are used for the folding of antagonal bolts and nuts. Car repairs are commonly carried out by an opening wrench, a clubs wrench, a condom wrench, a live wrench, a twister, a pipe wrench and a special wrench. 1, open wrench: 6 items and 8 items within 6-24 mm width. The bolts and nuts that are applicable to the folding of general standard specifications。
2. The clubs wrench: applies to bolts or nuts in the range of 5-27 mm. Each set of clubs has six and eight sets of wrench. The wrench of clubs, with 12 angles, covers the head of a bolt or nut and does not work easily. Some bolts and nuts are limited by the surrounding conditions, and the plum triggers are particularly applicable。
3. Sets of wrench: 13, 17 and 24 sets each. It applies to places where the regular wrench is unable to work because of location constraints. When folding bolts or bolts, different drums and handles may be selected as required。
4. Live wrench: the opening of such wrench is freely regulated and applies to irregular bolts or nuts. When used, the clamp shall be kept as wide as the distance to the bolt or nut, and tightened so that the wrench can carry the thrust and hold the pull. The wrench lengths were 100 mm, 150 mm, 200 mm, 250 mm, 300 mm, 375 mm, 450 mm and 600 mm。
5. Twisted wrench: used to bind the drum to a bolt or screw. Twisting wrench is indispensable in the repair of the car, and the strenching of cylinder lid bolts, rotor bearing bolts, etc., requires the use of the wrench wrench. The wheel wrench used to repair the car was 2881 newton metres。
6. Special wrench: or a thorn wheel wrench, shall be used in conjunction with a drum wrench. It is generally used to tighten or disassembly a bolt or nut in a narrow area, which can be scrapped or assembled without changing the angle of the wrench。
Specialized tools
Special tools commonly used for car repairs include spark plugs, piston-ring pick-up clamps, air-gate spring loaders, butter guns, jacks, etc。
(i) spark plugs. The spark plugs are used to remove engine spark plugs. The six-angle side size of the tube is 22-26 mm for 14 mm and 18 mm spark plugs; the six-angle side of the kit is 17 mm for 10 mm。
(ii) pistol loaders. Piston pistons are used to handle engine pistons and to avoid disequilibrium and disabling them. When used, the piston handlers are stuck in the piston ring opening, the handle is held gently, the piston is constricted slowly, and the piston ring is opened slowly, and the piston is loaded into or removed from the piston sink。
(iii) air-gate spring-loaders. Air-gate springs are used to unplug gas-gate springs. When used, shrink the plier to the smallest position, insert it under the gas door spring and rotate the handle. The left hand held forward, the pliers were tied to the spring, the air locks were loaded and the revolving air door springs were loaded and the handles were removed。
(iv) butter guns. Butter guns are used for lubricating lubricant at various lubricating points and are made up of mouths, pressure valves, plumbs, vents, poles, levers, springs, pistons, etc. When a butter gun is used, a small group of lubricant is loaded into a tank to remove air. After decoration, you can use it with a tight end cap. When lubricating the mouth, it shall be true and shall not be tilted. If no oil is fed, the injection should stop and check if the mouth is blocked。
(v) jack. The jacks have a screwdriver, a hydraulic jack and a hydraulic lift. Automobiles often use hydraulic jacks. The lift of the jack is 3 tons, 5 tons, 8 tons, etc. Hydraulic jacks are used to lift cars and other heavy objects. Its structure consists of caps, spiral poles, tanks, oil tanks, shake handles, pressure plugs, cylinders, entry and exit valves, valves, bolts and shells. In case of use of a jack, use a triangulation tree for the vehicle; when used on a loose road, put a mat under the jack; when lifting, the jack should be straight against the heavy; and when the jack is not in a cell or back, work is prohibited. When you use a jack, you tighten the switch, put the jack on it, and you're on top, you're on the handle, you're on top. When the jack falls, the switch turns slowly, and the weight drops。
Five methods of auto maintenance
I. The difficulty of doing so
When a vehicle enters the maintenance plant, we can learn from the maintenance that the failure needs to be addressed. For example, engine failure lights, glide speed, black smoke, unfuelled refuelling, automatic transformers are unstoppable, and brakes slide. We can choose a simpler solution, and when it is resolved, other issues will be solved。
For example, a car with a tequila (four-cylinder engine) with engine failure lights, black smoke, lighter fire, hard to start when it's off, and a glitch needle。
Because it's the engine failure code, it's simpler, it's targeted, and we're using it as a breakthrough. (i) accelerator failure. 2) water temperature sensors fail. 3) main computer failure。
We first examine the air-saving door position sensors, remove the sensor plugs, use the change in the openness of the gas-saving doors in tens of thousands of meters, meet the standard values and do not show fluctuations, indicating that the sensor is non-functional. It also measures the wire beams from the sensor to the computer, and it shows a high resistance value. The line was then cleared, the main beam was removed in segment, until the main plug in the left rear of the engine room, where it was found to have worn marks, the total line was removed, several pieces were found to have been worn and several lines had been broken. Clear the liner, load the vehicle, clear the fault code, test the vehicle, and the above-mentioned malfunctions disappear。
Because it has been repaired in other workshops, but it has not worked as well, we have used the right method to solve problems quickly, accurately and economically。
Ii. Separation method
This method is a component (e. G. A) that controls or protects several other work components (e. G. B, c, d). When one of the parts (e. G. B) fails, it affects the control (a) and results in other parts (c or d) not working properly. When the control (a) fails, we do not know which of the work (b, c, d) fails. First, one of the (b) parts is not working and if the control (a) works normally with other (c, d) parts, the (b) part is corrupted。
For example, a mercedes 320 car sometimes has no air conditioners, wind machines do not work and insurance number 21 is often burned。
It is known from the statement of insurance that it controls the power lines of wind turbines to retort, controls rain scratching and provides one of the power lines for air conditioning. So, first, the wind engine's speed-retarding plugs were removed or the insurance was burned; the automatic air-conditioning computer plugs were removed and the insurance was still burned; and then the rain scratch plugs were removed, as the power line provided a fireline mainly for the rain-scraping water-speech sensor, and when the plugs were removed, we found that the beams showed signs of looseness between the engine covers and the jets. When the hood was shut off, the beam was caught in iron by the engine support. After correct processing, the failure is solved。
The method is also used for the repair of automatic transformers when a problem arises in one or two blocks. We test the oil pressure and speed failure points for each block before dismantling the automatic transformer, and then we can look at the direction of the oil route and find out where the problem is。
In addition, the can-bus system has been used for vehicles after 2000 in accordance with the international uniform regulations on car manufacturing. The use of separation would be of great help in helping us deal with future vehicle failures。
Iii. Order of conduct
The method is to use the knowledge we have learned and the various detection devices to gradually detect malfunctions, and it is often used for soft failures and complications。
For example, a mitsubishi v6 car with a higher throttle of up to 3,000 r/min. We first check the ignition system, replace the spark plugs, and measure the pressure line, which meets the standard values. The gas filter was cleaned and the pump pressure tested. Clean up the nozzles. Cleaning the air-saving doors to nasa and ensuring that the gas-inventing system is normal. But the problem remains unresolved. The engine failure code was drawn from the detection instrument, but there was no failure output, and the main sensors were tested with a oscillator, which met standard values. Indicate that the circuit system is normal. Check the ignition and cask pressure, normal. In a few large systems, only the exhaust system is not checked. So the silencer was removed, and the refuelling went well, and the malfunction went away。
The exhaust pressure of the silencer is often ignored, with a three-dollar catalyst in the silencer in the electronic fuel jet system vehicle. Over a long period of time, congestion can occur, resulting in excessive exhaust pressure, resulting in unfuelled engine refuelling and high temperature failure. Such failures often occur in mercedes, bmw, daewoo and modern times。
Iv. Inversion
The method is to analyse the causes of all malfunctions before dealing with them in a calm and sober manner, taking into account all failures. That is the reason for the reversal of the phenomenon, identifying the key to the problem and focusing on breakthroughs。
V. Comparative law
The method, which is the two same vehicle exchange elements or comparative values used to resolve failures, is applied to special service stations and to dealing with difficult problems, and although not scientific, it is able to resolve failures in a timely and accurate manner and to receive financial benefits in a timely manner。
Six taboos on car maintenance
1. Mechanized injuries。
The maintenance of the car is related to all aspects and should be carried out with clear operational markings in order to prevent others from being harmed by mishandling. When a car is activated, attention should be paid to the gear transformer's position in order to prevent accidental movement of the vehicle. When the engine is under cover, the other person should be removed from the driver's room in case the engine suddenly turns or someone manipulates the agency's movements, causing the wrong injury. When required to operate under the vehicle, clear markings should be maintained and the car should be covered with a bunker. When a jack is used, it will be placed flat. The driving tools (stools) should be prepared before driving, and breakable objects such as bricks are prohibited. When installed, do not test the screws, locks, etc. With your hands in order to break your fingers. An engine may not be tested under the vehicle。
2. Fire。
In the maintenance of cars, fuel, detergents, etc., are often required to use flammable and explosive substances, so that fire-fighting measures are not forgotten and fire extinguishers are prepared in case of emergency. Non-smoking in the vicinity of tanks and batteries, because the flammable gases and hydrogen emissions from tanks are easily incited。
3. Burning。
The engine, which has just ceased to fire, must be carefully exposed to prevent burns due to the higher temperatures of its various components (water tanks, exhaust pipes, power-direction fluids and spark plugs, etc.). If the engine is hot, never remove the water cap or loose the open water switch to prevent burns。
4. Car injuries。
The brake fluid is damaging to the paint membrane of the car (including the paint membrane of the shoes), which can dissolve quickly. The brake fluid is harmful to the eye and, if splattered into the eye, it must be washed with fresh water immediately。
5. No attention is paid to the protection of rotational parts and vehicle road tests。
When the engine is running, care must be taken that the hand, clothing and tools must be removed from the rotating fan and fan conveyor belt (preferably the wearing of the ring, watch and tie etc.). At the time of the experiment, all parts of the vehicle should be in condition to ensure a safe parking and effective diversion. A road test vehicle must be clearly marked. The test vehicle must be conducted safely and in a special test lane。
6. Lack of attention to workplace clean-up。
When the engine cap or other total cover is closed, it should be checked that items such as tools, rags and removed parts are forgotten and may not be closed until confirmed。
The above-mentioned are a comprehensive introduction to the vehicle maintenance tools presented by the mini-authors of the network, five methods of car maintenance and six taboos on car maintenance. When it comes to car maintenance, every driver can talk, and everyone wants their cars to be beautiful and of great quality. In fact, driving is like riding, and good riders know how to handle and feed. And when they do not know how to feed, and when they whip, they will be exhausted and fall. Similarly, in the long run, vehicles will be reduced in terms of technological capability, owing to wear and tear of machinery, natural erosion and other factors, such as a chronic lack of necessary maintenance, which not only reduces the lifetime of the vehicle itself, but also poses a major risk to traffic safety. It is only with the availability of the usual tools and with some attention to maintenance that you will be able to better maintain vehicles at critical times. It is also important to note that the driver is in the car before leaving the car, when the vehicle is collected. Before you leave the car, you should look around the car to see if the light device has been damaged, if the body has been tilted, if there has been any leaks such as oil or water spills, and if the tires are in condition, check the door, the hood of the engine, the hood and the glass。
Note: all the graphs in the article reproduce pictures on the internet, torts are deleted
