Taiwan has been an integral part of china's sacred territory since ancient times. Since 1949, as a result of the continuation of the civil war in china and the intervention of external forces, the two sides of the strait have been in a situation of prolonged political confrontation. Although taiwan had not been reunited with the mainland, china's sovereignty and territory had never been divided and the fact that both sides belonged to one china had never changed。
I. Geographical overview
The taiwan region of china means the taiwan province under the control of the taiwan authorities (including the islands of taiwan, which are dependent islands such as lancheng, green island and diaoyu islands, as well as the islands of guanglai, fujian province, kimmen, mazu and uchu. The total land area is 36,000 square kilometres. Taiwan's administrative divisions include the following: taipei, shinbei, pagoland, taicheng, tainan, takahyu, the six taiwan authorities' “municipalities directly under taiwan's administration”, kirung, takeh, kayi, the three cities, shinbu, chumhu, zhuan, yunin, kayi, zhangdong, taidong, hualian, yilan, zhuang, kimmen and liang (mazu) 13 counties。
In the ancient era, taiwan was connected to the mainland and subsequently, as a result of rising sea surfaces and geological changes, the contiguous land sector was submerged, forming the taiwan strait and forming the island. The taiwan strait runs north through the east sea and south through the south sea, approximately 1,300 kilometres long, 200 kilometres wide and 130 kilometres narrow. Taiwan is the first largest island of china, situated on the south-east coast of the continental shelf, and is separated from fujian. Two thirds of taiwan's islands are high mountains and hills, many mountains in the east, many hills in the centre and many plains in the west. Taiwan has five mountain ranges, four plains and three basins, namely, the central mountains, the snow mountains, the yu mountains, the ali mountains and the taidong mountains, the ilan plain, the kanan plain, the kandong plain and the taidong valley plain, the taipei basin, the taipei central basin and the pyry basin. The main rivers of taiwan are shaggy creek, high screen creek, fresh water river, taga creek and tsangwen creek。
Taiwan crosses the temperate zone and the tropics, with the northern subtropical climate, the southern tropical climate, winter warmth, hot summer heat, abundant rainfall and frequent typhoons。
There are more than 10,000 species of plant on taiwan, known as “natural botanical gardens”, of which the world is known to be known for the name of the forest, such as succubus, mackerel and nan; and more than 25,000 species of animals, the most famous being butterflies, with more than 400 species, are known as “the kingdom of butterflies”。
Rice, sugar and tea are taiwan's famous three traditional products, known as taiwan's sanbao. The main cash crops in taiwan are sugar cane, tea, peanuts, sesame, tobacco, soy sauce, fragrance, beads, flowers, and so on. Taiwan is located at a warm and flowing point, with a total coastline of approximately 1520 kilometres on the islands of taiwan and guangzhou and a developed marine fisheries and farming industry。
Ii. Historical overview
Taiwan first moved directly or indirectly from mainland china, where one of the ancient people lived in china. Taiwan has a written history dating back to 230 a. D. More than 10,000 soldiers and soldiers from the sun quan faction of the three times arrived in taiwan, and the u. S. Shen zhijiang, the world's first book of taiwan, left behind. Zhuo dynasty sent troops to taiwan three times. In about 610 a. D. (during the great year of pilgrimage), the coastal inhabitants of the mainland began to move to the lake. In the middle of the 12th century, the southern song dynasty transferred the lake to the province of jinjiang, fujian quan state, and sent troops to guard it. In 1335 a. D., the government of the people's republic of china formally established a patrol and inspection department in lake tsang, which is responsible for the administration of lake tsang, taiwan's civil affairs and is part of the state of fujian quan and an county. The coastal inhabitants of the mainland began to migrate to taiwan during the song yuan era, and the period of coming and coming was gradually growing in scale. In the middle of the 16th century, ming dynasty resumed the once defunct lake patrol division and deployed troops. In mingmong, the fujian palace and zheng zhilong group organized large-scale migration to taiwan for resettlement. At the end of the seventeenth century, there were more than 100,000 pioneers on the mainland coast. As a result of taiwan's relocation to taiwan's capital city of guannan habitat, and the south's call for taiwan as a “top” member, the official term “taiwan” has been used in official communications for the next 10,000 years. In the sixteenth century, western colonial forces, such as spain and the netherlands, began to reach out to the east. In 1624, the dutch colonizer occupied southern taiwan, in 1626, the spanish colonizer invaded northern taiwan, and in 1642, the netherlands replaced spain in the occupation of northern taiwan. In 1661, zheng succeeded in gaining access to taiwan, and the following year expelled the dutch colonizers who had settled in taiwan and recovered taiwan. Zheng zheng was hailed as a national hero for this historic achievement, and also as the “opening king” in taiwan。
Four months after his death, zheng successfully recovered taiwan and established a regime, his son continued to run taiwan until 1681. In 1683, zheng zheng zheng zheng zheng zheng zheng zheng zheng zheng zheng zheng zheng zhenxi sent troops to attack taiwan and put taiwan under central government authority. Since 1684, when the government established the capital of taiwan within the structure of fujian province, under which taiwan, fengshan and zoro counties were administered, taiwan entered a new era of development, an increasing number of residents of the south-eastern coast of the mainland have crossed the sea. By 1811, taiwan had a population of more than 1. 9 million. In 1874, the qingcheng government was extended to the taiwan administrative region into eight districts of two provinces. In 1885, the qing government designated taiwan as a single province, then the twentieth province of china. Taiwan's first taiwan cruiser, liu zheng, actively pursued a new policy of self-empowerment, cleaning up fields, building railways, buying ships and ships, creating western schools of learning, telegraphic schools, establishing post and telecommunications offices, machine bureaux, etc., and making great strides in the development of taiwan's socio-economic culture。
In 1894, japan launched a “morning war” against china and, in april of the following year, forced the defeated government of qingqing to sign an unequal “magwan treaty” that would cede taiwan and the islands of qinhu. According to reports, a massive “anti-cutting” patriotic rescue campaign was quickly launched throughout the country. Taiwan's civil-military struggle to defend itself against japan's occupation and its insistence on fighting for more than five months has cost the japanese aggressors a great deal, demonstrating its strong will and its great integrity to defend its homeland。
On 1 december 1943, the governments of china and the united kingdom issued the cairo declaration, which clearly stated that “the fathers of the three countries are intended to return to china the territory stolen by japan from china, such as manchuria, taiwan and the islands of guangzhou”. On 26 july 1945, the united states and the united kingdom signed the potsdam proclamation (later with the participation of the soviet union), reaffirming that “the terms of the cairo declaration will be fulfilled, while the sovereignty of japan will be limited to the other islands decided upon by our state, hokkaido, kyushu, the four states and our people”. On 15 august 1945, japan announced its acceptance of the potsdam proclamation and its unconditional surrender. The world's war against fascism and the chinese people's war against japan have thus won a final victory. On 25 october, a ceremony was held in taipei in taiwan province, a war zone of china, during which china's de-commissioned officials, on behalf of the chinese government, declared that “taiwan and the island of guangzhou have been officially re-entered into china as of this date and that all land, people and political affairs have been placed under chinese sovereignty”. The taiwan compatriots rejoiced in their return to their homeland。
On 1 october 1949, the people's republic of china was established. At the end of the same year, the ruling bloc of the national party was defeated in taiwan. As the chinese people's liberation army embarked on preparations to liberate taiwan, on 25 june 1950, a civil war broke out in korea. The united states took the opportunity to send troops into the taiwan strait, obstruct the liberation of taiwan by the people's liberation army and support the ruling bloc of the national party, thereby creating the question of taiwan。
Iii. Social structure
The people of taiwan form different ethnic groups because of their different ancestral lands and the timing of their relocation to taiwan。
At the end of 2019, taiwan's household registration population was 236,031,000, divided into four major ethnic groups — bannan, family members, expatriates, and ethnic minorities. The people of guannan, their families and those of the provinces are essentially the han people, accounting for approximately 97 per cent of the total population of taiwan. Most of the people and family members of guannan emigrated to taiwan before 1945 and are also known as the province. About 70 per cent of the population live in guannan, mostly in fujian springs and zhuizhou; families account for about 15 per cent of the total, while the majority are in fujian yan and guangdong mei counties. Extra-territorials are those who followed the ruling bloc of the national party to taiwan after 1945, especially around 1949, and their descendants, representing about 12 per cent of the total population. The national minority in taiwan comprises 16 members, or approximately 2 per cent of the total population. In addition, ethnic minorities and foreign spouses from the mainland account for about 1 per cent of the total population。
Iv. Political system
The main features of the current political system in the taiwan region are the direct election of the leaders of the taiwan authorities, the extension of power, the determination of the general policy of the taiwan authorities and the nomination of the heads of administrative, judicial, inspection and examination bodies. The second is the formation of party politics. As at the end of 2019, there were 291 political parties in taiwan and 45 political groups in taiwan. The main political parties include the pnp, the national party, the popular party, the pdp, the new party, the unparty unity alliance, the age force, etc. The pnp and the national party have the greatest influence. Political parties competed strongly for public office elections. Third is the system of local self-government. Local self-government includes municipal (including municipalities directly under the taiwan authorities) and communal levels. Municipalities (including those under the authority of the taiwan authorities) and towns are local self-governing groups and have public legal personality. The executive heads of municipalities and communes are elected by popular vote, and the municipal councils and representatives of town and county citizens supervise the governance of the local administration。
V. Economic overview
Although taiwan's economy has a high per capita gross domestic product, it has a small domestic demand market, fewer natural resources, a weak scientific and technological base and a high degree of dependence on overseas markets and technologies. At the same time, taiwan's economic development is also affected by intense domestic disputes. Although taiwan's economy has grown faster, it has suffered from a poor fiscal position, a shrinking tax base and a slowdown in tax revenue growth, as well as rapid increases in various types of expenditure, particularly the large share of unproductive expenditures such as military, administrative and social security. Fiscal imbalances have led to widening fiscal deficits and delays in infrastructure development and upgrading。
According to estimates by the international monetary fund (imf), taiwan's economic growth rate in 2019 was lower than that of the global economy (3. 4 per cent) and ranked second among asia's “four dragons”. According to data from the taiwan master's office, in 2019 taiwan's nominal GDP (current, expenditure-based) stood at 18. 9 trillion yuan (new zealand dollars, same as the previous), equivalent to 6. 1125 billion dollars, and per capita GDP (current price) at 80. 1 million yuan, equivalent to $259 million, an increase of 0. 45 per cent in dollar terms. According to imf estimates, taiwan ranked 22nd in global GDP in 2019, one place lower than in the previous year, and 38th in per capita GDP, the same as in the previous year。
Vi. Cultural development
The mother of taiwan's culture is the culture of china, which at the same time constitutes an important part of it and enriches its content. Chinese culture is rooted in taiwanan folk and permeates all aspects of social life。
Taiwan's mandarin (taiwan) is a popular language, the main dialect of which is chinese and foreign. The minority in taiwan uses its own languages (e. G. Taya, bunon, yamei, etc.) and all books are written in chinese。
Most of taiwan's folk customs were brought in by migrants from fujian and guangdong during the period of mingqing, and as a result of the attacks to date, “the chinese culture has become so popular everywhere”. The confucian ideology is reflected in all aspects of taiwan's social life. In addition to buddhism, taoism and christianity, taiwan's religious activities are widely practised, along with other civic beliefs such as mother and father, guan-gang, the king of zhang, the holy king of taiwan, and the emperor of life。
Education
The current educational system in taiwan consists of three major components: pre-school, school and social education. Pre-school education, in conjunction with family education, provides one to two years of education in health, life and ethics for children of school age through free access to education. School education consists of three stages: “national education”, secondary education and higher education. “national education” includes primary and lower secondary education. Secondary education comprises four categories: upper secondary school, upper vocational school, comprehensive high school and full secondary school, and higher education includes colleges, independent colleges, universities and research institutions. Social education covers a wide range of areas, including remedial and continuing education, adult education and social education in institutions such as museums, libraries, science libraries, cultural centres, art galleries, etc. Taiwan has a high level of educational coverage, a well-developed vocational education system and private education has a significant place throughout the education system. In the school year 2019, there were 1,0931 schools at all levels in taiwan, of which 6384 were kindergartens, 2631 were primary schools, 739 were middle schools (known as “the nation”), 513 were upper secondary schools, 12 were specialized schools, 14 were independent colleges and 126 were universities。
Health
There are two levels of health management in taiwan. The health authorities are responsible for the overall integration, planning, assistance and management of health care. Each municipality and county has its own health directorate, which is responsible for local health care, health care, etc. The health-care system in taiwan is relatively sound, medical services are characterized by a trend towards the large-scaleization of hospitals and the universalization of clinics, the gradual withdrawal of small private hospitals from the market and the increasingly visible conglomeration of hospitals. In 2018 there were 22816 medical institutions in taiwan. By category, there are 478 western medical hospitals, 11580 western medical clinics, 6836 dental clinics, 5 chinese medical hospitals and 3917 chinese medical clinics。
Since 1949, the communist party of china, the chinese government and the chinese people have made the resolution of the taiwan question and the complete reunification of the motherland a historic and determined task. We grasp the changes in the era of cross-strait relations, present policy ideas for a peaceful settlement of the taiwan question and the scientific vision of a “one country, two systems”, establish the basic approach of “peaceful reunification, one country, two systems”, which in turn leads to the basic approach of adhering to “one country, two systems” and advancing the reunification of the motherland. In particular, general secretary xi jinping, in his important statement entitled " together for the great renaissance of the nation and for the peaceful reunification of the motherland " , delivered on 2 january 2019 at the 40th anniversary of the publication of the book of the citizens of taiwan, comprehensively articulated the major policy propositions for the promotion of the reunification of the motherland in the great journey of national renaissance, which is the fundamental guide to the observance and action of the new era for the work of taiwan。
The homeland must be united, and it must be. The chinese people on both sides of the taiwan straits and the children of china and abroad deserve to share in the greatness of the nation and to adapt to the great forces of history, to promote peaceful development of cross-strait relations and to advance the process of peaceful reunification of the motherland。
