During the renovation process, the electrical and water wiring is a core covert project that has a direct impact on residential security at a later stage, accessibility and the cost of repairing the house. Many of the refurbishers are not aware of the basics of home-based wiring, and this document details the way in which home-based wiring is organized, as well as practical attention, which is easy to understand and suitable for reference and learning by the owners of gross house improvements。
I. Basic methods of home-based wiring
1. Detailed wiring and specification of electricity requirements
The water and electricity layout programme will need to be defined during the pre-refurbishment period. If a professional designer is hired, the designer will produce specialized hydroelectric drawings based on the type of house, residential needs, and the drawings will clearly indicate the lamps, switches, the circuits of the plugs and the location of the distribution; if the designer is not hired, the owner will be required to indicate the location of all electrical appliances on the floor of the house, in order to ensure a comprehensive planning of the electrical appliances that may be used on a day-to-day basis and in the future, and to avoid the lack of slots and unreasonable lines at a later stage。
2. Regulate the liner, preferred standard route
The water and electricity road is a covert work, which will be carried out on the surface of the wall, on the ground, to open tanks and to complete the burial line and linework. The formal construction standards require that the line pipe be laid along the corner of the wall for straight-angled processing, which is conducted in a safe and accessible manner, but with high construction costs and the industry generally billing for the length of the route. Part of the construction would be cost-saving and reduce the duration of the work, using a line at a close and short distance, although at a lower cost there was a security risk and the owner was not advised to choose。
3. Clarity of lined terminology and understanding of line group rules
The terms “group” and “section” are often referred to in the line construction. A group of terminals representing a single tube, such as a bathroom door, can be grouped into a group consisting of a light switch, a gas switch, a power plug; one refers to a single power point, with most of the daily communications being directed to a plug. Clear terminology is used to facilitate the checking of construction points and acceptance works。
4. Power- and power-separated electrical separations with load switches to enhance safety
Circuit wiring is subject to the principle of separation of powerful and weak power: powerful power consists of general outlets, electricity lines for lighting, and weak power consists of grid lines, communications signal lines, etc. For large power appliances, such as electric water heaters and air conditioners, the loading of load switches is not mandatory, but can be substantially increased by adding them. Some sub-district properties have clear acceptance standards and require the installation of high-power appliances over load switches and prior consultation with the sub-district administration prior to renovation。
5. Rational planning of electrical line specifications and control of the renovation budget
Wire specifications are selected on the basis of building improvement needs and electrical power. In general, circuit improvements are charged on the basis of the length of the wiring, as in the case of the 60m2 two-bedrooms, and under the conventional retrofit, the cost of the wiring is approximately $3,000, which the owner may base on an approximate budget based on the size of the house. Water and electricity are covert works, and late maintenance requires the demolition of walls, grounding and high cost, and it is recommended that priority be given to high-quality electrical and plumbing materials to avoid electrical failure from the source。
Ii. House delivery
The following are the general regulations for the refurbishment of the wiring industry, which are also the core standards for the receipt and inspection of owners, and must be strictly adhered to during the construction process to ensure safety of access to electricity and security of the building structure。
1. The rules governing the opening of walls: the national standards stipulate that the length of the openings on the surface shall not exceed 50 cm. From the standpoint of security of the house, it is recommended that, as far as possible, the troughs should not be opened to avoid undermining the structure of the wall。
2. Ratio of line penetrators: the length of the internal wires of the tube shall not exceed 40 per cent of the total cross-barrel area of the line, leaving blanks to allow thermal dispersion of the wires and to facilitate the later extraction of the wires。
3. Line bend limits: a maximum of three bend points for a single tube, too many bends, will make the wires unmoveable and the replacement lines unrepairable at a later stage。
4. Wire bending: moon bends (round arc bends) are made at the turn of the line, and hard straight angle bends are prohibited to prevent pipeline break and wire wear。
5. Powered and weak electrical shielding: in case of cross-cutting of powerful and weak electrical circuits, tin paper is required to be used for shielding packages, to avoid powerful electrical interference with weak telecommunications and to prevent network and communication lines from being cut off by cardon。
6. Electrical line specification selection: general lighting, day-to-day plug selection of 2. 5 square lines, and 4 square lines of circuits for air conditioners, suitable for high power electrical loads。
7. Alteration of the ceiling tube: a line laid inside the ceiling, with a fixed distance of less than 1 m, to prevent the line from being loosed and released。
8. Line colour distinction: firelines, zero lines, and surface lines must be carefully coloured to facilitate separation of construction and subsequent re-examination of routing failures。
9. Electro-wire connection processing: the wire connection is reinforced by a waterproof insulation tape, a pressure cap or an end-of-wire package to remove the exposed wire and prevent electrical leakage。
10. Aligning the level of the plugins: the additional plugins will need to be located along a line to ensure that they are at the same level as the original plugins, are beautiful and conform to the construction specifications。
11. Safety spacing standard: the minimum distance between strong and weak power pipes, strong power and gas pipelines, strong power and water pipelines must not be less than 30 cm to avoid safety hazards。
As a whole, the home renovation line combines planning design, construction processes and safety codes, and the owner of the building is required to be aware of the basics in advance, to control the details of the construction, to give priority to quality protection and to avoid neglecting the use of electricity at reduced costs。
