What's dyslexia
Reading impairment is a reading and spelling impairment caused by the inability of the brain to integrate visual and hearing information。
“a disease affects people's ability to understand what they see and hear and to connect information to different parts of their brain. These effects can be found in many ways, including spoken and written language, coordination, self-control, focus, etc. These effects can extend to delays in study and may hinder learning to read, write, or do mathematics.” (national institute of health, 1993)
The prevailing perception of reading impairment in the united states is that it primarily affects reading and writing. It is characterized by obvious difficulties in dealing with short-term language memory and reading and writing. Current evidence suggests that these difficulties stem from the inefficiency of language processing areas in the hemisphere of the brain。
Particular attention should be paid to distinguishing it from poor academic performance due to low intellectual performance, which is the result of the fact that many patients have very high iqs and even talented individuals. Like da vinci, edison, einstein, kennedy, who were considered to be “dumb kids” with very poor results in childhood, scientists finally found that they were typical examples of reading disorders。
What are the manifestations of reading disorders
According to incomplete statistics, about 20 per cent of the world's population suffers from various degrees of reading impairment. Reading disorders are lifelong, but their impact can be reduced through targeted intervention training to enable people to adapt to work and learning。
Reading disorders are the most important factor in learning disabilities, accounting for more than 70 per cent of all children diagnosed with learning disabilities. According to studies, children with reading difficulties in english-speaking countries are as high as 10-30 per cent. Some 3 to 5 per cent of children studying chinese have reading disabilities. Its main expression is
Literacy
There are difficulties in reading and writing, and the first words are forgotten
(b) interwords, often with one more painting or less
• frequently confused words, such as “read” and “break”
Learning to spell, english to mix letters, b, d, p, q, etc.
It's always upside down。
In reading:
Add or subtract words during reading
• read not by word, but by your own mind
• poor hearing and writing performance and slow reading
Read word by word or finger
It is very difficult to express themselves in writing。
At the behavioural level:
It is difficult to understand the order of things, such as mathematical formulas, multiplications, etc.
• difficulties in identifying distance and direction
• difficulties in understanding the concept of time
It is difficult to master space distance when writing
(a) clumsy hands and feet, with unstable feet on foot and often falling, tripping or hitting furniture
• a quick jump from one event or idea to another
The completion of the reading and writing exercise is very prone to fatigue。
These symptoms are common in childhood, particularly among the 5-8 age group. Parents should therefore look carefully at the fact that when a child is not unusual in his or her life, but when reading or writing is the situation described above, we should not regard him as having poor literacy or reading, let alone as having mental problems, but rather as having a reading disorder。
• how to target treatment
In my country, the incidence of reading disabilities among children is as high as 6 to 8 per cent. It is therefore important to treat reading disabilities at an early stage. For more serious reading disorders, such as possible neuro-physical deficiencies in children, special treatment by special teachers and psychologists is required, such as the multi-perception channel approach, which emphasizes the use of multiple sensory pathways for students, such as vision, hearing, motion, touch, etc.; the neuro-organizational correction method, which usually uses visual profiling exercises and eye-to-eye coordination exercises for children with reading disabilities to facilitate the development of the hemispheric advantage; and for children with emotional disorders, the psychological problems need to be addressed first by a psychologist。
With regard to the correction of reading barriers related to education, teachers can correct reading barriers for children through targeted extended terminology training, reading skills training and the development of good reading habits. Like
Correcting the paucity of words:
In the first instance, the choice of reading material appropriate to the student's level of ease should focus on exercises requiring an understanding of the content of the article. In order to encourage children to read quickly, basic readings should be used to expand the vocabulary of children, and the materials used in this treatment must be easily accessible to children. Rapid literacy training, such as schematics, can also be conducted without meaningful background。
Correction of reading skills:
First, teachers should develop the habit of using markings or comments while reading, such as drawing lines under important words; and making comments where they do not understand. In this way, students can be helped to focus and think as they read。
Second, teachers should develop the ability of students to read quickly. One problem with reading is that people read different materials in the same way. The traditional “bit words” approach is no longer adapted to the requirements of the information age, and through training it is necessary to develop the self-regulation of children's reading speeds so that they can choose the speed of reading according to the type of material, the purpose for which they are to be read, and can be read with a degree of precision。
Thirdly, to improve understanding. After the child has read an article or a story, the child is asked to describe what he has read in his own language. This practice can increase children's focus on reading and can be of great help to people with reading disorders who “see and forget”. This exercise is necessary if the child has problems of understanding。
Correction of reading habits:
First, raise the confidence of the child. One of the main causes of the reading barrier is psychological inferiority, which can be achieved by parents who can improve their children's self-confidence in a variety of appropriate ways. Children can be given small tasks in life, such as taking out garbage and packing tables, and they can be commended when done. Even if some are not, they must be encouraged。
Second, relax. In some cases, children have severe timid, low self-esteem and are afraid to read in the classroom, and the fewer they are trained, the more obstacles they become. Others are very sensitive and particularly concerned about others, fearing that misreading may cause jokes among their classmates, so reading is not easy to read. Teachers and parents should therefore give their children a comfortable reading environment so that they can read with ease and pleasure。
Suh xiaohua
Senior primary school teachers, who have been working in front-line education for more than 20 years, have conducted an in-depth study of the differences in the academic performance of primary school students. They are working to find the main causes and solutions for differences in the performance of pupils at different levels and have extensive teaching experience in helping pupils to develop good learning habits。
