An overview of the management and maintenance of electromechanical equipment in middle schools: the research programme of the specialized teaching guidance programme for the installation and maintenance of electrical and electrical equipment in secondary vocational schools, which has been in operation for many years, has carried out an extensive survey of the country's representative enterprises and graduates of the specialties of mechanical and electrical integration, such as “machanical equipment maintenance and management”, “industry equipment installation”, in order to study in depth the quality requirements of the country's economic, scientific and social development for the “equipment and maintenance of electromechanical equipment” in the twenty-first century, and to review and summarize the academic experience of the specialized disciplines “maintencing and management of mechanical equipment” and “equipment of industrial equipment”, and has completed the study of the specialized teaching guidance programme for the installation and maintenance of electrical and electrical equipment。
Since there are no such specialties as “equipping and maintenance of electrical equipment” in secondary vocational schools, we can only study, on the basis of these two specialties, the teaching and instruction programmes for the installation and maintenance of electromechanical equipment, with special subjects such as “machinic equipment maintenance and management”, “industry equipment installation” and graduates。
I. Current status of installation and maintenance of electrical and mechanical equipment in secondary vocational schools:
Specializations such as “maintenance and management of integrated electromechanical equipment”, “industry installation”, etc
The main target audience for the specialty “maintenance and management of integrated electrical and electrical equipment” is junior high school graduates, with a four-year and three-year duration (mainly four-year). “maintenance and management of mechanical equipment” is designed to develop the overall development of the moral, intellectual and physical fields, acquire the necessary basic knowledge of the cultural sciences and expertise in the maintenance and management of integrated electromechanical equipment, have a strong practical capacity and adapt to the medium-skilled skills required by the socialist market economy。
“industrial equipment installation” specialisations are attended by junior high school graduates for three years. The aim of the training is to develop the necessary basic knowledge and expertise in the field of culture and science, as well as the basic skills for the integration of electromechanicals, to adapt to the needs of socialist modernization, and to engage in the construction and management of industrial equipment, debugging and maintenance。
“machinic equipment maintenance and management”, “industry equipment installation”, etc., are not popular, but have been gaining importance in the past few years among candidates. Students in secondary vocational schools prefer popular and “high, new technology” professions when filling out their studies, which is more pronounced in economically and educationally advanced regions. Students' choice of profession is increasingly focused on the needs of society, and subjects such as “machinic equipment maintenance and management” and “industry equipment installation” are gradually receiving attention from students。
Ii. Problems in managing integrated equipment:
There are potential safety risks in the management of integrated equipment:
As a result of the current irregularities, the regulatory system is not fully in place, some heads of enterprises and schools have sought to reduce costs in order to pursue their profits and performance, and funds for upgrading and upgrading of the necessary integrated equipment have not been available, resulting in an abnormally old and ageing system, the presence of hazards in the equipment and the underlying causes of accidents。
2. The management of integrated electrical and mechanical equipment in schools and enterprises is gradually weakening:
Lack of attention to equipment management in enterprises is widespread. First of all, production and safety are no doubt at the forefront of many of the enterprise's management, while equipment management becomes important, secondary, less “low” work. Second, many enterprises lack specialized personnel with real expertise and managerial coordination capacity. Thirdly, the fact that highly qualified and competent enterprises are now largely in existence as construction contractors and have objectively withdrawn from the management of equipment is an important reason for the weakening of that management。
3. Changes in the student and worker workforce have made it more difficult to manage equipment:
The country's workers, from skilled workers in levels 1-8 owned by the original enterprise, have been reduced to mostly migrant workers and casual workers who have not participated in any integrated training in mechanics and electricity. The quality of this group of personnel is uneven, and there is little knowledge of the basic common sense about the performance, operational protocols and maintenance of mechanical equipment. Together with objective conditions, such as the contractual nature of most of their work, it is determined that the day-to-day maintenance and maintenance of integrated mechanical and electrical equipment, which should have been performed by this group, will not be carried out in its entirety, nor will the day-to-day maintenance of the equipment remain on the surface。
Measures for integrated equipment management:
The safety of integrated electromechanical equipment is based on human needs and in all states of operation (use, repair, maintenance) throughout the process of using the machinery, the conditions for physical and mental safety from external factors are met. In response to these difficulties, the following measures are proposed to address the practical aspects of the training and construction process。
1. Correct selection, reasonable redeployment
Any type of electromechanical integration has some technical requirements due to its own properties, structure, etc. Strict and rational use of integrated equipment for electromechanical purposes would allow for full mechanical efficiency, reduction of mechanical wear and tear, extension of the useful life and reduction of the cost of use. In the case of mechanical transfers between projects, advance and timely access to information on requirements for integrated mechanical and electrical equipment, exits, secondary maintenance work during the transfer of mechanical equipment, and resolution of conflicts of use and maintenance。
2. Conduct safety checks of integrated equipment:
The integrated electromechanical equipment is the sum of the pressurized and manned equipment that is closely related to the safety of the person, property and health of the person, and is more potentially dangerous in the production process than in the general production equipment. Since integrated electromechanical equipment is of a more dangerous nature, prone to accidents causing injury to the operator or others, as well as material damage to property such as mechanical equipment, public facilities, regular and mobile testing is necessary to ensure its proper functioning in order to avoid mechanical accidents and to ensure safety of production and life。
3. Teacher guidance training, certified induction
Trainee training includes training in operational skills and training in security education for personnel. The training of personnel must be planned, deployed, inspected, tested and targeted: first, to secure access for the operators of integrated electrical and electronic equipment for the construction project and to position the level iii security education prior to induction; (b) the corresponding manual on safe production knowledge and safety protocols, which is distributed to every operator in the field; third is the training of personnel in integrated equipment management. At the same time, the concept of “all-person safety education” should be introduced into the training of personnel involved. Any person who is directly or indirectly involved in the hands-on training of the technical skills associated with integrated electromechanical and electrical equipment must be trained in safety education, leading up to and down to the general staff and students, so that they are aware of the importance of the safety of the work performed and of the protective consciousness, the self-protection consciousness and the methods of self-protection, and so that they are aware of the importance of safety and thus control the occurrence of safety incidents at source。
Iv. Economic benefits of compulsory maintenance of integrated equipment:
The maintenance of integrated equipment requires simple and low-cost maintenance techniques, while ensuring the proper operation of the equipment, reducing wear and tear of spare parts and extending the useful life of the equipment, particularly for large major electrical equipment, which must be reinforced with the necessary technical maintenance operations to eliminate the risk of malfunction and ensure the proper operation of the equipment. It reduces significant unnecessary costs and greatly enhances the economic efficiency of enterprises and schools。
The shorter the useful life of the equipment, the higher the reliability, the longer the useful life, the lower the reliability. The lower the reliability, the greater the vulnerability of electrical equipment to malfunctions and the greater the physical wear and tear of the equipment, the greater the cost of repairing it. Modern equipment is a very expensive equipment, investment in and use of which is an urgent requirement for the economic efficiency of its management。
Methods and measures for the maintenance of integrated equipment:
The cost of repairing and maintenance is minimized by the efficient use of the certificate and ultimately achieves the best cost-effectiveness of the enterprise
Awareness-raising and clarification of the principle of compulsory maintenance, so-called compulsory maintenance, is mandatory and must be carried out on time, and must not be done without time and personnel due to stress. Modern equipment management education is required to make it clear to leaders at all levels and to a wide range of equipment managers that the quality and service life of integrated electromechanical equipment is largely determined by the good or bad maintenance work。
The construction enterprise should adopt a system of regular maintenance, maintenance, inspection (point-checking), implement a “maintenance and weight-prevention” approach, strictly enforce a system of scheduled maintenance, regular maintenance, mobile maintenance and follow maintenance procedures at all levels, low-level maintenance is performed by operators, and advanced maintenance is performed by repairers and instructors in conjunction with electrical operations. Only when maintenance is complete and the probability of mechanical failure is reduced can maintenance costs be reduced and economic efficiency improved. At the same time, the maintenance cycle should be determined by the collection of data on the use of maintenance, the analysis of standards for the use of subsystems of mechanical equipment, the pattern of failure, etc., based on the actual state of repair of mechanical equipment, using methods such as probability statistics, technology one economic analysis and maintenance of operational statistics。
Enhanced technical management of the maintenance of electrical and mechanical equipment, which has a seasonal construction schedule, decentralized mobility of construction operations and poor operating environment. In response to these features of the equipment, enhanced maintenance and timely repair of the mechanical equipment are key elements in enhancing its technical management. First, enhanced maintenance to ensure that the equipment is in good technical condition, with the idea of “timely maintenance, grade maintenance, line maintenance”, with emphasis on “scientific, mandatory, predictable” to prevent risks. Secondly, careful repairs should be made to ensure that equipment is repaired in a timely manner. High-level and experienced maintenance staff are required for the maintenance of integrated mechanical and electrical equipment, highlighting prevention, targeting and effectiveness, focusing on assembly and optimization。
Concluding remarks:
The management and compulsory maintenance of mechanical equipment, in accordance with the different focus of installation and maintenance work on students' intellectual and competency structures, is a complex and integrated subject, which requires leadership in addition to proper management, operation, maintenance and maintenance, with clear responsibilities between mechanical managers, mechanics, maintenance staff and associated collaborators at all levels, constant and persistent, a sense of security and concern, a real “preventive” approach, which will ensure that major mechanical equipment accidents are prevented and that integrated mechanical equipment is safely and efficiently served schools and enterprises. Links to other technical articles:
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