High-level staff of the national paper inspection center
The sanitary towels and mattresses are designed for the physiology of women and are simple and easy to carry, and are essential for every adult woman。
The product structure of sanitary towels and sanitary pads consists of three levels: the first layer is a layer of surface, which is in direct contact with the skin. The main material is a filamentary and isolated layer of skin; the second layer is an absorbent layer, with the main material being fuzzy or dustless paper, and most products also contain high-molecular resins used to absorb and lock the flow of haemorrhage; and the third layer is a bottom layer, with the main material being polyethylene film, which prevents leaching through blood, and has thermal melting on the back, which is fixed。
Product classification
1. The material is generally classified as cotton, dry and dry net and pure cotton 3. Textiles are made of non-weaved materials in the cotton pfs; dry and dry membrane pfs are made of raw materials; and pure cotton pfs are made of pure cotton materials. As products diversify, other types of surface material will also emerge。
2. The structure can be broken down into straight stripes (see figure 1) and wings (see figure 2)。
3. Generally divided into day and night, depending on the time of use and the size of the absorption. The length of daily sanitary towels is around 245 mm, while the length of night sanitary towels is over 285 mm。
4. By product function, they can be classified as ordinary and functional. The functional sanitary towels consist mainly of the inclusion of specific components in products or the achievement of specific effects, such as anti-bacterial desorbing。
The classification of products is constantly changing with the breakdown of the market for sanitary towels and the differentiation of products, as well as the emergence of dual-use, mini- and super-long products in the market to meet the needs of different groups of people over time。
Industry profile
According to statistics from the china paper association, at the end of 2012 there were 916 registered sanitary towel production enterprises, mainly in fujian, guangdong, hebei, shandong, jiangsu, zhejiang and tianjin。
The total sales of the top 15 sanitary towel producers in 2012 was about 86. 2 per cent of the country's total sales, with industry concentration increasing significantly over the previous year. The main brands are shubao, anlÉ, sophie, gaujess, cozy, joy, abc, etc. The leading producers are concentrated in shanghai, guangdong and fujian。
With the development of science and technology and the application of new materials, the types and specifications of sanitary towels and pads are increasing. At present, the market for sanitary towels in the country is characterized by the following:
Tnc brands dominate high-end markets. By virtue of their strong advertising and r & d advantages, tncs account for most of the market share in high-end product markets. According to the emerging market monitor, the top three health towel brands in market occupancy in 2012 were swabs, sophie and seven degrees of space, while the top three health towel brands with the highest consumer loyalty were swabs, abc and sophie。
Market sales continued to grow. Since 1985, after more than 20 years of development, the sanitary towels market has matured, with few large and powerful new enterprises entering the sector, and the increase in market supply has been largely due to the expansion of production by large and medium-sized enterprises. Compared to the global average growth level (2-3 per cent), the market for sanitary towels is a relatively fast-growing market, partly because of the continuous penetration of our markets into cities and towns of the third and fourth tiers, and partly because major cities such as shanghai and beijing have reached the level of medium-developed countries, with more frequent changes in sanitary towels for female physiology and an increase in consumer per capita use。
Product upgrades and innovations. As a result of the increase in consumption levels and the demand for working women, winged sanitary towels have almost completely replaced straight-line sanitary towels, with a small number of straight-line products being sold mainly to rural and underdeveloped western areas. At the same time, demand for high-quality, high-end and differentiated products has increased as a result of the increasing demand for product slots. Correspondingly, in order to give product differentiation and added value, firms further subdivision of products and innovate in emphasizing product comfort, functionality and fashion, and packaging。
According to statistics from the china paper association, at the end of 2012 there were 916 registered sanitary towel production enterprises, mainly in fujian, guangdong, hebei, shandong, jiangsu, zhejiang and tianjin。
The total sales of the top 15 sanitary towel producers in 2012 was about 86. 2 per cent of the country's total sales, with industry concentration increasing significantly over the previous year. The main brands are shubao, anlÉ, sophie, gaujess, cozy, joy, abc, etc. The leading producers are concentrated in shanghai, guangdong and fujian。
With the development of science and technology and the application of new materials, the types and specifications of sanitary towels and pads are increasing. At present, the market for sanitary towels in the country is characterized by the following:
Tnc brands dominate high-end markets. By virtue of their strong advertising and r & d advantages, tncs account for most of the market share in high-end product markets. According to the emerging market monitor, the top three health towel brands in market occupancy in 2012 were swabs, sophie and seven degrees of space, while the top three health towel brands with the highest consumer loyalty were swabs, abc and sophie。
Market sales continued to grow. Since 1985, after more than 20 years of development, the sanitary towels market has matured, with few large and powerful new enterprises entering the sector, and the increase in market supply has been largely due to the expansion of production by large and medium-sized enterprises. Compared to the global average growth level (2-3 per cent), the market for sanitary towels is a relatively fast-growing market, partly because of the continuous penetration of our markets into cities and towns of the third and fourth tiers, and partly because major cities such as shanghai and beijing have reached the level of medium-developed countries, with more frequent changes in sanitary towels for female physiology and an increase in consumer per capita use。
Product upgrades and innovations. As a result of the increase in consumption levels and the demand for working women, winged sanitary towels have almost completely replaced straight-line sanitary towels, with a small number of straight-line products being sold mainly to rural and underdeveloped western areas. At the same time, demand for high-quality, high-end and differentiated products has increased as a result of the increasing demand for product slots. Correspondingly, in order to give product differentiation and added value, firms further subdivision of products and innovate in emphasizing product comfort, functionality and fashion, and packaging。
Standard interpretation
Standard profile
As a result of continuous revision and improvement, the existing product standards for sanitary towels (including sanitary pads) implemented the gb/t8939-2008 health towels (including sanitary pads), which have been adopted and implemented by most enterprises in the industry and have played an important role in improving product quality, regulating industry development and protecting consumer rights and interests. Health standards implement the gb15979-2002 health standards for the use of health supplies on a one-time basis。
Gb15979-2002 health standards for the one-time use of health supplies, a mandatory national standard, was introduced on 1 september 2002. This standard sets out sanitary towels (including sanitary pads) and environmental hygiene standards for production, corresponding testing methods, raw materials and product production, disinfection, storage, hygiene requirements during transport and product labelling requirements。
Gb/t 8939-2008 " sanitary towels (with sanitary mats) " , a recommended national standard, was implemented on 1 september 2008. The standard is defined in terms of performance requirements, sanitary and raw material requirements, test methods, inspection rules and markings, packaging, transport, storage, etc。
Analysis of key indicators
1. Health indicators
Health indicators are the most important and basic indicators of sanitary towels (including sanitary pads). Inconsistent health indicators can pose a health risk to users. Gb15979 - 2002 health criteria for the use of one-time health supplies stipulates that the health indicators for products with sanitary towels (with sanitary pads) include total bacterial incidences, total fungi incidences, enema and pathogenic sepsis (including green bacterium, yellow grapes, soluble streptococcus). Specific requests are provided in table 1 below。
2. Technical indicators
The technical indicators relate to the performance of the use of sanitary towels (including sanitary pads), mainly in water-absorption multipliers, penetration, ph, etc。
Water multiplication refers to the absorption capacity of sanitary towels (including sanitary pads) products. It primarily examines whether the absorbent layer of sanitary towels (with sanitary pads) meets the demand for use, and the greater the absorption factor, the greater the absorptive capacity of the absorbent layer. The gb/t 8939-2008 " sanitary towels (with sanitary mats) " standard provides for 7. 0 times the intake of sanitary towels and 2. 0 times the intake of sanitary pads。
Increased water-absorption rates, mainly through the incorporation of high molecules into the absorbent layer, can increase production costs and may result in waste of resources。
Infiltration is an indicator of the rate of surface penetration of tested liquids to sanitary towels and is one of the key indicators of sanitary towel products. The high levels of penetration indicate that sanitary towel products are fast and absorbent. The gb/t 8939 - 2008 " sanitary towels (including sanitary pads) " standard provides for the penetration of sanitary towels at 1. 8 g and the health pad does not check the indicator。
Ph is an indicator of the irritation of the skin of health towel products (with sanitary pads). The human skin is sorely acidic (healthy skin has ph values of 5. 0-5. 6), and the ph value for sanitary towels and sanitary mat products is set at 4. 0-9. 0 in the gb/t 8939-2008 “health towels with sanitary pads”。
Use
The sanitary requirements for reasonable purchase and proper preservation of sanitary towels are very strict, and the closer to the date of birth, the better quality is assured. The purchase of sanitary towels should not be placed in the bathroom in order to avoid the growth of fungus and contamination of sanitary towels due to the dark and damp environment。
You should wash your hands before it's used, and when you open a sanitary towel, try not to touch the surface of a sanitary towel with your hand, avoid secondary contamination and wash your hands before it's used。
Combining, replacing in a timely manner wing type for use during the day and night; standard at normal times; and super thin or mini-sanitary towels or pads, so as to be safe, comfortable and cost-effective on the one hand. In addition, because of the abundance of nutrients in the blood, which tends to become a “breeding ground” for bacteria, it is important that sanitary towels be used with great diligence, preferably not more than three hours per towel。
Main quality issues
Since 1992, the state has carried out 15 state monitoring spot checks on the quality of sanitary towels (including sanitary pads), five years running between 2008 and 2012, and the following major problems were identified:
Inadequate health indicators for individual products
The health indicators for products with sanitary towels (with sanitary pads) are largely overstated by the total number of bacterial and fungus cases, with no detection of enema and pathogenic sepsis。
The main reason for the unsatisfactory health indicators is the poor performance of raw materials and the use by individual enterprises of low-cost raw materials and even poor-quality raw materials to reduce costs. Gb15979-2002 health standards for the one-time use of sanitary supplies specify that raw materials are prohibited from being used as raw or semi-finished materials. The individual sanitary towel products were found to have dirty surfaces in their spot checks and, when they were opened up with surface material, their absorbents were mixed with shreds, owing to the use of abandoned sanitary supplies as raw materials, a product health indicator far exceeding the standard requirements. The lack of a sound health system in some enterprises, the disruption of the production environment, the lack of cleanness and the lack of isolation from the outside world in the production and packaging processes have also contributed to the contamination of semi-finished and finished products in the production process。
Some sanitary towel products are insufficiently covered
Infringement of sanitary towel products is inadequate, suggesting that if the sanitary towel product is not well permeable, its absorbent layer cannot function, the product itself loses its usefulness and leaks occur during its use。
The main reason for the inadequate penetration of sanitary towel products is the poor permeability of surface covered materials in sanitary towel products. Most of these products are dry and dry web products, raw materials used in dry and dry net surfaces are typically perforated membranes, which are not permeable to some producers in order to reduce costs by using low-cost and even poor-quality perforation membranes。
Some of the sanitary pads products have exceeded their ph values
Ph is an indicator of the importance of sanitary towels (with sanitary pads). Health towels (with sanitary pads) are used in contact with the skin of the human body, and if ph values exceed the standard, excessive or too low can irritate the skin, causing signs such as skin sensitization。
Monitoring and spot-checking in recent years have revealed that ph incompetence is mainly in the health pads, mainly due to the non-conformity of raw materials. There are more raw materials for the production of sanitary pads, including muskets, perforated membranes, water-absorbing paper, ionized paper, thermomelting glue, etc. The high or low ph of any raw material can cause the ph of sanitary pad products to exceed the standard range。
Selection
The packaging of the sanitary towels shall be marked as follows: the name of the product, the enforcement standard number, the trademark, the business name, the address, the contact information, the specification of the variety, the quantity of the contents, the date of production and the period of preservation or the date of use of the batch and the period of production, the main production material, etc. Well marked sanitary towels should be selected and, to the extent possible, products produced in the near future。
Looks like you can tell the difference between the health towels and each overpack and the separate small wrapper seal should be smooth and clean. Good sanitary towels should be clean, thin and flat and sealed. In addition, in the sense of hand, good sanitary towels are made out of absorbent, loosely fluffy, so they are light and soft. If other pulp, lower toe, etc. Are mixed, the sanitary towels are hard and hard。
To focus on their own feelings, there are many kinds of sanitary towels that have their own characteristics, generally the speed at which they are absorbed, the ability to dry up the net, the ability to protect themselves from oscillation, and the availability of appropriate medical sanitary towels. However, because each person has different physical qualities, there are differences in how he/she feels about his/her sanitary towels, and if he/she feels dry on the net, he/she feels uncomfortable with his/her skin, and he/she has allergies about medications. It is therefore important to select the most suitable of its own types based on the actual experience it uses。
In general, the products of large enterprises are better produced and managed, and physical and sanitary performance tests are strictly monitored, and many of them are certified as having quality systems. The safety of the choice to use sanitary towels in these enterprises is relatively assured。
According to reports, with the expansion of the domestic sanitary towels market, some small businesses import abandoned peripherals from foreign producers to reduce costs, produce sanitary towels with mash removed from diapers, diapers, sanitary towels, and put them on the market, and health indicators are difficult to guarantee. This so-called “sanitary towel” sale price is on average 50 per cent lower than the price of the formal product. Consumers must keep their eyes open and be reluctant to be cheap, and try to buy better-known branded products at large malls and supermarkets and not at random at roadside shops. Consumer guide, july 2014
