For almost three decades, the ship has been working on the detoxification and breeding of potatoes. The highlands and mountains witnessed the hard work and achievements of his team。
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The kingship (right second) directs the production of potatoes。
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The ship is breeding potato hybrids。
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The kingship (right second) is studying breeding projects with foreign experts in the united states。
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On 10 april this year, general secretary xi emphasized that seeds are the key to food security in our country, during a study tour of the seed laboratories of sanya province, sanya province. Food security can be achieved only if chinese seeds are tightened with their own hands. The general secretary of xi jinping is very interested in the creation and industrial development of chinese potato varieties. In january 2017, during a visit to zhangbei county, hebei province, the general secretary of xi jinping studied the price of primary potatoes and finished products and encouraged the local population to do a major job in the industry. In 2020, during the two national conferences, when participating in the deliberations of the delegation of inner mongolia, the general secretary of xi jinping asked the delegates from the city of ulaanbaatar, the autonomous region of inner mongolia, about the cultivation and processing of potatoes in the area。
As an agricultural technologist in the field of potato detoxification and breeding, the author works with industry experts to promote the construction of a system for the production and quality monitoring of potatoes in china, working for the high-quality development of the potato industry and ensuring food security in the country。
High nutritional productivity
Promoted to our main food
Potatoes, also known as taro, potatoes, etc., are well adapted and can even yield good harvests in harsh climatic conditions, such as drought, and are therefore widely welcomed, with cultivation gradually expanding from south america of origin to all parts of the globe. The potato tubers contain a large amount of starch, which provides abundant heat to the human body, and are rich in proteins, amino acids and multiple vitamins, minerals, in particular their vitamin content, which is the most abundant of all food crops。
Rapid global population growth and frequent weather disasters have led to food shortages in the world and even food crises in some regions. In the face of difficulties, the united nations had turned its eyes to potatoes as a major hope for ensuring world food security. In october 2007, the sixty-second session of the united nations general assembly proclaimed 2008 the international year of the potato as a means of raising the profile of the value of such crops。
At the turn of the 17th century, potatoes were introduced into chinese cultivation, gradually becoming one of the country's main crops, increasing their area of cultivation and production until they were among the world's top producers. The growing potato industry has brought to the fore its importance in growing and its value in safeguarding national food security。
In 2015, the national agricultural authorities officially proposed a strategy for the foodization of potatoes owners, namely, a shift in the consumption of potatoes from by-catch to staple foods, from raw materials to industrial series of manufactured products, from subsistence consumption to nutritional health consumption, as a complement to the country's three main staples of wheat, maize and rice, which has gradually become the fourth largest food crop. In the following year, the guidance for the advancement of the potato industry was issued and implemented, formally setting in motion the main foodization process of the potato in our country。
Continuous innovation
Significant increase in industrial competitiveness
Seeds are the “chips” of agriculture, and innovations in the potato farming industry support notable achievements in china's potato industry. In recent decades, chinese potato breeding research has gone from foreign seed identification to inter-cropping and inter-cropping to biotechnology breeding。
In the second half of the 1930s, the selection and improvement of chinese potato varieties began with the predominance of seed. By the 1950s, the potato breeding collaboration had been fully operational, with a group of potato seed resources being imported from the soviet union and eastern europe。
Since the 1980s, with the deepening of the process of reform and opening up and the increasing frequency of chinese diplomacy, china has made breakthrough progress in the research and breeding of its potato seed resources. The beijing liaison office of the international potato centre was established in 1985 as an opportunity for china to step up the introduction of quality seed resources for potatoes. The netherlands, the united states, canada and others have become countries of origin for potato resources, and the genetic background for potato breeding has been broadened. At the same time, international cooperation in scientific research and skills training activities for scientific and technical personnel are increasingly active. These factors have greatly accelerated the development of our potato industry。
In the 1990s, a number of specialized potato varieties, breeding materials and hybrids were introduced. In the new century, especially following the launch in 2008 of the project of the former ministry of agriculture on the technical system for modern agro-industry of potatoes, china's potato industry has entered a new stage of development, with further improvements in the genetic background of the choice of varieties. In addition to being disease-resistant and high-yielding, the seeding of potatoes has focused on processing the selection of exclusive varieties, with a rapid increase in the number of certified varieties, the selection of varieties suitable for market demand, such as starch processing, fried chips, fresh food exports, and a significant increase in china's technological and technological innovation capacity and industrial competitiveness。
Highland breeding
Building the foundations of industrial development
Potatoes are the most distinctive and dominant crop in qinghai province and are important in agricultural production. Owing to the high altitude, the long sun, the cold weather and the low number of toxic agents, the potato production in the qinghai sea is recognized for its low level of disease and high potential for production and is one of the country's main potato production bases。
The qinghai plateau potato breeding has been in existence for more than 50 years, and over 1,000 potato seed resources have been collected and preserved in long-term breeding science. Thanks to these resources, the author's team has developed a series of more than 30 “fatal” varieties and has grown widely, playing a significant role in agricultural production and making its due contribution to addressing the lack of varieties。
Among the many varieties of potatoes produced by the scientific team, the soybeans no. 4 and no. 168 of the plateau and no. 3 and no. 6 of the potato were validated at the national level and extended to areas such as gansu, ningxia and xinjiang. In the field of potato breeding, we have established a system of techniques for the breeding of greenhouses, mountain varieties, multi-ecological selection and early expansion of the highlands. This has reduced the selection process for new varieties, and the potato variety “tato 9” has the characteristics of high-yielding, drought-resistant, disease-resistant, high-quality and processing combinations. In 2011, potato 9 was validated by the state and in 2015 it was granted the right to protection of new varieties of plants, which was expanded in 14 provinces of the country. At present, the potato number 9 is being expanded to almost 10 million acres, with a cumulative area of over 90 million acres and an additional gain of more than 35 billion yuan, contributing to the cross-border development of our potato industry。
Detoxification
Construction of a high-quality potato farm base
The potato is a sexless breeding crop, and the virus accumulates in the host substance, with successive generations, leading to the degradation of the potato species, a severe decline in yields, a decline in the original quality of the tub size, shape, taste, etc., known as the “degradation” of the potato, which affects the commercial nature of the potato, the worst of which can lead to a reduction of over 90 per cent. “detoxification” is the removal of the virus itself and the elimination of the “detoxification” production of the main virus causing the degradation of the potato, which is the most important link in restoring its productivity. Studies have shown that the application of detoxification is generally more than 30 per cent higher。
In 1985, i graduated from college to work in agricultural research in the highlands. In 1995, i began research into the production of potato “detoxification” and, after many years of sustained effort and with the support of the parties concerned, established the country's leading provincial, county, rural, village and village production system for the production of potato, and the quality monitoring system for the detection of viruses, reducing the cost of seed production and accelerating the promotion of detoxification. According to statistics, the cumulative spread of more than 15 million acres of detoxified potatoes throughout qinghai province, with an increase of more than $2 billion in production and significant economic and social benefits, has made a significant contribution to the alleviation of poverty and prosperity of the poor mountain population of qinghai。
In recent years, the author has led a team of researchers, focusing on the provinces of qinghai province, yuk-thi autonomous region and golo tibetan autonomous region. Through the screening of new varieties of potatoes, the testing of density fertilizers, etc., the team members screened suitable potato varieties for local cultivation in the south, and developed the integration of production techniques, such as mechanized cultivation, which increased the level and production of potato cultivation in the south of the country。
Build system
Building the north silicon valley
In june 2021, the general secretary of xi stated during the qinghai study that qinghai needs to be endowed with resources specific to the highlands, actively nurturing new and emerging industries, strengthening the standardization and greening of agricultural and livestock products, making large organic industries, and accelerating the construction of green organic agricultural and livestock exports. This points the way for the development of qinghai agriculture, including the potato industry. In order to implement the requirements of general secretary xi, the qinghai parties have made great efforts to build a high-altitude potato production system, an efficient breeding technology system and a high-altitude potato extension system, to establish a national potato production base, to build “outputs” for potato cultivation and to provide high-quality potatoes for the whole country, and to transform the qinghai sea into a “silica valley” for chinese potatoes。
The construction of the "sill valley north" of chinese potatoes is a difficult and honourable project in which i and the scientific team are honoured to participate. We will further utilize the special highland climatic conditions of qinghai province to build a system of efficient highland potato breeding techniques based on “heathouse hybrids, mountain breeding, multi-ecological selection and early-generation expansion”, further shorten the selection and extension processes for new varieties and, in conjunction with biotechnology tools, upgrade the capacity for in-depth resource identification and evaluation, develop new genetic excellence, strengthen the innovative basis for breeding, improve the overall development and utilization of resources, upgrade the capacity of potato seeding, establish a national potato breeding platform, promote the transformation of potato breeding from traditional breeding to modern breeding, make a new and greater contribution to transforming the ecological advantages of the green sea into economic advantages, and promote better “exit” of green organic farm products in qinghai province。
(as vice-president of the academy of agroforestry of qinghai university, chief expert of the national key laboratory for ecology and highland agriculture and livestock, and a scientist in the national technical system for potato industries, long-term research on the breeding of potatoes and detoxicated potatoes)
Science and technology dissemination centre, science press, china in collaboration with the present newspaper
