The renovation of new buildings and the renovation of electricity and water are absolutely the most hidden, critical and easy to use in the entire project。
Electricity and water are hidden works in hard-clothes, all of which are sealed into walls, floors and ceilings, with surfaces that look flat and beautiful, all of which are hidden from workers who are stealing from their workers and making their way to work。
Once the previous period has not been completed and the pits have been buried, the late tiles, the walls, the cabinets have been filled and problems have arisen. The leaks, the circuit jumps, and the pipes have exploded. If you want to repair it, you have to smash the walls。
Many of the owners of the first renovations, who did not know their expertise, handed over their hands to the construction party throughout the process, and were eventually offered an increase in prices, changed materials, and made clear the illegal construction pits, costing the most money and installing the most unsafe water and electricity。
Today, with the best of words, we will have 13 core points, the most common construction pits on the web, and the whole process of receiving and receiving pits, all of which will be delivered at once, and the new hands will be able to oversee the entire process, free of injustice, security risks and decades of solid water and water at a time。
First of all, let's get to work and figure out why electricity and water are the top priority of renovation. Heavy
Many owners feel that water and electricity are not just a few pipes, a few wires, and look at it as simple as it has little technical content。
In fact, electricity and water are the basis of a safe and comfortable home。
Waterproofing, mud-drying, carpentry, painting, which steps are wrong, can be easily repaired and repaired later. Only electricity and water are available, and once the containment tanks are closed, the cost of modification and repair is enormous。
Water and electricity were not done properly: light daily, frequent jumps, inadequate plugs, unstable water pressure and unreasonable layout of the house; heavy pipes leaked into the entire house; short circuits caused fires; and leaks of electrocution threatened the safety of the person。
All the money for the renovation can be saved, and water and electricity alone can never be saved or manipulated。
It would be preferable to spend a little more on the budget, a little more on detail, a little more on manual work, and never to bury a security risk for a lifetime in order to save money and save money。
Ii. Details of the 13 pits that have to be targeted for water and electricity rehabilitation
1. Ban on large surface surface areas
A large number of workers opened long-distance troughs directly on the heavy ground and the heavy wall in order to save their lives。
The construction of the wall will be subject to direct damage to the construction of the wall and will significantly reduce the ability of the house to withstand earthquakes。
National criteria: the length of the horizontal openings of the heavy wall must never exceed 50 cm, the light-wall troughs must not exceed 1 m, and they must never be able to cross the surface of the surface。
The water lines are up and down. The wires are up and down. Land
Waterways are given priority to all roofs of the ceiling and main circuits of the circuits are given priority over tops。
The pipes walk through the ground and when the water leaks later, they are not found at all in the first place, and when the neighbours downstairs find the door, the entire floor, the cabinet and the wall will be damaged and the damage will be enormous。
The water pipes go to the top, and any leakage will reveal at first sight that the repairs are not to be hit on the ground, with the lowest costs and risks。
3. Powerful and weak electricity shall be strictly coloured, spaced and protected against interference
Industry-wide standards: red tube power, blue pipe power weakness, absolutely no mixing。
The distance must be 30 cm or more when the strong and weak lines are laid in parallel, and the cross-cutting position must be shielded with tin foil。
Too close, without shielding, and electric and magnetic interference with powerful electricity can lead to frequent failure of home-line cardon, bad wifi signals, television images of cardon and intelligent homes。
4. All lines, one pipe, with a maximum of 3 lines
(b) heavy-hit areas for job theft: for the sake of provincial pipes and time savings, workers fill a pipe with five or six wires。
There are too many internal wires in the tube, no room for heat dispersion, long-term heat ageing of the line, extremely short-circuit fires, and complete inability to replace, repair and repair the line at a later stage as a one-time end-of-life project。
Regulatory requirements: the total cross-section of wires within the tube cannot exceed 40 per cent of the interior space of the tube, facilitating subsequent overhaul and switching。
5. The hot tubing must be made of a warm cotton package
All-house hot water pipes, all the way out of the water heater, must be fitted with a specially designed hot cotton。
Instead of a warm cotton, hot water is transmitted all the way down to cool, bathing, water is running at a slow pace, water is running cold and hot, gas and electricity costs are doubling to waste, pipe walls are cold and condensed for long periods of time, and immersed ceilings are bred and moldy。
6. Hot and cold water from pipes, always left and right cold
All water exits, mixed valves are located in strict compliance with standard drainage for hot water on the left and cold water on the right。
It is important not to listen to workers who are left or left, to install flowers, taps, water heaters in late stages, all of which are not properly fitted, to reverse the temperature of the bath, to use extremely strange uses and to return to work in great difficulty。
Bathrooms, kitchens, which must be done separately for electrical connections
Ninety per cent of the renovations are missing life-saving details。
All metal in the bathrooms, hardware and bathing equipment must be reliably connected to the level of the level of the electrical endpoint reserved by the developers。
This is the last lifeguard for a leak of electricity, and it is absolutely impossible to omit when electrical failure occurs in a wet bathing environment, when the power level can eliminate the voltage in an instant and avoid the lethal risk of electrocution。
8. Large power appliances, all on a line and back
Air conditioners, refrigerators, water heaters, ovens, microwave ovens, electromagnetic furnaces, central air conditioners, all large power appliances, must have a single circuit, a single line and a single air switch。
It is absolutely impossible to share a circuit with multiple large power appliances, while at the same time opening instant current overloads, frequent break-off, high-temperature circuit fires and security risks。
All in-house outlets, no less and no less
The most regrettable thing after the check-in is the fact that the plugs are missing and in the wrong place。
The size of the furniture and the location of the household electricity are set aside in advance. The table, the couch, the bed, the kitchen table, the balcony, the entrance level are set aside as long as it is available. It is preferable to leave the furniture unoccupied for later periods, rather than to move in and out of the room, and the light lines are flying indiscriminately and unsafe。
At the same time, the furniture and cabinets were avoided, and the plugs were stopped and completely destroyed。
10. Sewage pipes must be stored and deodorantly treated
The kitchen, toilet, and all points of discharge from the balcony must be pre-positioned with water bends and properly fitted to prevent a reeking leak。
There will be no use cleaning up the air if there are no water bends, no stench, no stench of sewers, no roaches, no smell of mosquito roaches in the home for four seasons。
11. After opening the trough, pressurize and seal the trough
All retrofitting of the waterways has been completed and standard pressure tests must be performed before closing the walls。
The normal pressure of 0. 8-1. 0 mpa, with a steady pressure of more than 30 minutes and a pressure pressure of no more than 0. 05 mpa, is considered to be the proper water pipe welding and no leakage of the pipes。
The pressure test is clear, the zero leak is confirmed, and the cement sink is allowed for covert coverage. There's no way to check the leak without pressing it。
12. The complete house-to-house drawings must be retained for the completion of the utilities renovation
Once all the pipes have been laid, photographs and videos must be kept on site, so that the construction party can produce accurate water and electricity to complete the drawings, indicating the location, depth and direction of each line。
The late installation of furniture, perforations, wall paintings, hardware, precise avoidance of pipeline positions, prevention of the drilling of pipes, disruption of wires, extensive damage and return to work。
13. Prohibition of toilet wires, plumbing floor co-touchers set
The bathrooms are long-term humid, water-stamping, pipes and wires are strictly prohibited from co-laying。
In the event of a minor leak in the water pipeline, direct impregnation of the electrical wires, aging of the tidal insulation layer, short circuits, leaks of electricity, chronic damp conditions, increased risks and serious irregularities。
Iii. The most common water and power retrofitting faults
Error zone 1: straight-up line = best process
The truth: it is only for the sake of beauty that the lines are flat and flat, with a large number of straight angles turning, causing the lines to die, and the late wires are completely drawn and cannot be replaced. Point-to-point, less bending, is the most practical and rational route。
Mistake 2: water and electricity points are in place one step and never change again
Truth: household electricity upgrades, furniture layouts will be adjusted at any time, with adequate reserve points, alternative circuits and longer-term residential flexibility。
Mistake 3: developer's raw water and electricity are all useless and have to change everything
Truth: a formal developer's original formulation of the country's water and electricity is of good quality and adequate position. It requires only partial optimization of points and minor modifications, large-scale demolition, pure waste of money and waste of time。
Zone 4: the most expensive water supply is the most expensive
Truth: it is the foundation, norms, standards, careful construction that determines decades of safe use. The materials are better, the construction is more like a hazard。
We're in the middle of nowhere
Truth: concealed engineering, no problem at this time, and after three or five years, the risk is concentrated and the cost of repair is incalculable。
Water and electricity completion, official standard acceptance list, item by item
The complete construction of the water and electricity works was completed, prior to the closing of the tanks and the lifting of the bricks, subject to the receipt and inspection on a case-by-case basis, and were not signed, closed or liquidated:
1. Waterway pressure tests are satisfactory, half an hour without visible pressure loss, full pipeline without leakage and interface without water infiltration
2. Electro-ray complete, all plugs are electrically normal, zero wired correctly, switch-control wires, leak-protector jumps sensitive
3. Strong and weak electrical space compliance, shielded, non-mixed, single-barrel compliance
4. No overly long horizontal opening of the wall and no destruction of the building structure
5. Water pipes are hot and cold to the left, water pipes are warm throughout the course, water is stored in the water, and all deodorant is installed
6. All large power appliances stand-alone circuits, empty to match load power
7. Full-standard connections to toilets, etc
8. Lines are fixed, evenly spaced, with clear direction, no dead bends, no pressure deformation
9. All-house space is reasonable, free of furniture and easy to use
10. Complete high-altitude hydro panorama, moving drawings, complete video archiving
V. Practical recommendations to save money from mines and prevent malicious increases
1. Prior to the commencement of work, the entire house, layout, lined approach, material brand specifications, unit price, total price, addition rules, all of which are written clearly in paper and paper, and eliminate the malicious pricing of the construction process and the price of any random gaming。
2. All materials enter the field, checking the brands, models, specifications, security against forgery and preventing workers from stealing low-cost materials。
3. Each process, prior acceptance and approval, followed by the next construction, should never be completed in full。
4. Do not blindly pursue house-wide changes, increase points blindly, plan rationally, retain enough, and eliminate excessive alteration of waste budgets。
5. Prior agreement on quality assurance, formal hydroelectric works, maintenance of circuits for at least five years, maintenance of hidden works for life, advance writing of contracts and full responsibility for subsequent problems。
Last thought
This house is built at the rate that we've lived in our homes for more than a decade or more。
Water and electricity modifications, which are invisible and unattractive, hide the safety, comfort and longevity of the family's core。
Many of the renovations looked bright and full, and the interior was full of water and electricity, which was in ruins and infested with misery。
The smartest way to renovate is to properly streamline the budget in the face of an invisible, hidden base project, with no savings or details。
There is no deliberate pursuit of the frown-deep web-red process, and no blind and wind-priced design。
The above 13 details are fully controlled and the materials are carefully documented, constructed and inspected。
A little more thought and detail in the preceding period, and in the decades that followed, the safe and secure use of water, the economy, the absence of repairs, and the absence of hazards, are the real, cost-effective and most reliable options for renovation。
May every owner who is in the process of being refurbished should be able to avoid the water and electricity pits and put out a home that is safe, secure, comfortable and secure for the rest of his life, without any remodeling。
