Summary of the causes of and improvements in the repair and maintenance of light cranes: addressing the phenomenon of gnawing in the operation of bridge cranes, analysing its causes and proposing targeted solutions that should be applied in production practices to achieve better results. Keywords: bridge cranes; orbits; gnawing; analysis; improvement zero forewords. Bridge cranes are widely used in metallurgy, mines, etc., and the new steel **** plant currently has 24 bridge cranes online. The bridge crane is used for a certain amount of time, especially for many years. ***** the heavy gnawing tracks between the plant's raw materials workshop and the express train have resulted in frequent equipment malfunctions, increased consumption and maintenance of equipment spare parts, and affected the normal production of the workshop. In response to this phenomenon, we have conducted theoretical analyses that have led to recommendations for improvement. The normal operation of the improved equipment and the significant reduction in the rate of equipment accidents and breakdowns ensured the normal production of the workshop. The condition of the gnawing is determined that the bridge crane system is in orbit, that the wheel is in a dedicated orbit. ... The crane orbit is used to support the full weight of the crane and to ensure the proper and directed operation of the equipment. The selected bridge crane orbit should therefore meet the following technical conditions: (1) the top surface of the orbit is able to withstand the squeeze pressure of the wheel; (2) the bottom of the orbit has a certain width to reduce the pressure on the base; and (3) there should be a good hard-on. The crane is in operation and, for a number of reasons, tends to move or tilt the axis, thus exposing the wheel to friction on the side of the orbit and being bound by the line and orbital composition. During binding operations, the wheel's orbital contact status (as figure 1) is two points of contact with the steel track, the a point is referred to as the carrying point on the pedal, and the b point is referred to as the orientation point on the wheel's or excessive arc. This pattern of friction has resulted in rim damage to the side of the orbit, which is customarily called gnawing. When the cranes in my two workshops walked, there was a sound, a spot on the side of the orbit, a spot on the top of the orbit, and a light on the inside of the wheel. When the crane operates, there is a marked change in the rim and the orbital gap within a short distance, which makes it possible to make a preliminary assessment of the current situation as a gnawing track. (i) effects of gnawing on basics, beams, bridges. The gravitational orbit of the crane is bound to produce horizontal side forces. This side force will lead to a horizontal shift in orbits, causing the vibration of equipment, causing the bolts of fixed orbits to loosen, and also causing the vibrations of the entire car, which affect the stability of the beam and the bridge structure to varying degrees. (2) threats to production, persons and equipment caused by gnawing. Serious gnawing can cause severe wear and tear to the crane orbit, which leads to poor contact with the wheel while the car is running until it is replaced, causing waste of manpower and materials, and also having a significant impact on production. The cranes are high-altitude operations and are highly vulnerable to major human casualties and equipment accidents during their operation, especially when there is an excessive gap between orbital links. (3) impact of gnawing on electrical equipment systems. There is considerable resistance in the course of the journey to gnawing, thereby increasing the load of the power system, resulting in the loss of electrical components and motor power due to increased currents in operation. Especially when a big car is driving, it can easily cause overload burning because of the increased operational resistance of the gnawing orbit, which overloads the electric power. And because of the high operational resistance, which makes it easier to twist parts of the transmission system, such as axes, my cranes often fail before eating off their tracks. Pictures: analysis of the causes of gnawing 3. 1. 1 large cars are operating with gnawing, which is a serious problem. In normal operation, there is a gap between the wheel edge and the orbit of the crane, with a maximum design gap of 30-40 mm, but it is tilted because of certain factors, such as suspension, which cause the wheel to slash, which means that the operating wheel is not in contact with the orbit, which causes it to tilt. When the body is tilted, the side of the crane is squeezed by the wheel and the side of the orbit, and the edge and the orbit create a side friction, causing the side of the wheel and the side of the orbit to lose, which is the main reason for the tilt of the wheel and the side of the orbit, which means that, despite the right length of the wheel and the range of the orbit, the central line of the wheel does not overlap with the central line of the orbit, and when the body is tilted, the whole crane moves by the side of the orbit, which results in forced contact between the wheel and the side of the orbit, causing severe wear on the wheel and the orbit, and therefore produces a chewing track. A slight chewing track causes visible wear marks on the side of the wheel and the orbit, and a severe chewing track causes a deformation of the side metal of the wheel and track. There are many reasons for chewing on the tracks, such as the deformation of the bridge and base of the car, which will lead to a shift in the tilt and width of the wheel
