University of ningbo, 2019; shandong university, 2014; north business and industry, 2012; shenzhen university, 2012; shanghai finance corporation, 2009; jordan university, 2008; shanghai finance corporation, 2009
Response: sources of information, also known as sources or sources of information, are narrowly and broadly divided. A narrow source of information refers to the origin of the factual and opinio juris material covered in a news report, which shows where facts, views and background material come from and by whom. A broad source of information refers both to the provider of information facts and to the full range of news facts that form the basis of information。
3 news choices
University of changqing university, 2013; south china technology, 2012; shanxi university, 2011; china agricultural university, 2009
Response: the choice of news means the process by which the media selects newly occurring facts that can and deserve to be disseminated. The choice of news is usually expressed in the choice of written material, the essence of which is the choice of news facts. There are two main criteria for the choice of information: first, the standard of its value and second, the standard of its policy. The best choice for information was to harmonize its values with those of public information policy. The news option includes three types: an internal compelling choice. Even if the news received by the media is worthy of publication, in the case of overloading, “putting the person behind” is a choice made by technical conditions within the media that are subject to them. Sexual choice is required. The choice of the media is based on an expectation of the perceived needs of the audience and of future needs. 3 extremist choice. Information dissemination activities are carried out in a particular social context and are bound to be constrained by factors in the social environment, which, subject to external factors, are compelling choices about news facts。
4 mills freedom
University of nankai, 2019
A: myr " on freedom " is a representative of john stewart mill, the conglomerate of the liberal theory of western journalism. In 1859, myr published freedom, which is considered to be a classic work in the history of the world's news that defends liberalism and has been fully justified. He summarized the lessons of the french revolution and drew attention to the prevention of “majority tyranny”. He fears that the threat to freedom does not now come from the government, but rather from the intolerance of the majority in society of non-traditional opinions, which cast doubt on the dissented minority and suppress and neutralize the minority with numerical superiority. In particular, the main points of the freedom of expression are: “everyone shall enjoy freedom of conscience, of thought and of expression in the ideological sphere;”2 the very certainty of any thought is one of the most prone errors;3 the difference of opinion must be balanced between the two parties, without prejudice, and the reasons for each of the parties to the conflict must be carefully identified so that the truth is known;4 the true advantage of truth is that an opinion, provided that it is correct and can be extinguished again or again, will always be rediscovered in the process of the early years, until a time when the situation is favourable and it is fortunate to escape persecution until it emerges to the point where it is able to resist all subsequent attempts to suppress it。
5 (news work) party principles
University of shanghai, 2019; university of jordan, 2019
Response: the partisan principle of journalism means that the communicators stand on the side of a certain party and use the party's interests and ideas as a criterion for selecting and evaluating the facts of the news in order to defend its interests and demands. In china, the principle of partyism is a fundamental issue of journalism, the first principle of chinese journalism and the principle of life. The principle of partyism requires that: (a) the journalism industry be considered an important part of the party's cause; (b) it be organizationally and conscientiously led by the party; (c) it be strictly in accordance with the party's organizational principles and disciplinary norms; and (c) it be subject to “political journalism”; (d) the leadership of the press be “in the hands of those who are loyal to marxism, loyal to the party and loyal to the people”; (d) all media must be ideologically and always guided by the basic theory of marxism, especially as it evolves from time to time, and that the new results of contemporary chinese marxism be used as a fundamental idea to guide the work of the press, and that all information activities be carried out in a scientific manner; (e) all media activities must be politically consistent with the party's central and always serve the whole and the larger party。
6 public information framework
Chongqing university, 2018; tsinghua university, 2017, 2012; china university, 2015; manpower university, 2013
Response: the information framework refers to the specific principles (or guidelines) of the media's selective handling of news facts, which derive from the media's position, editorial guidelines and interest in news events, while being subject to special patterns of news activity, such as those of journalistic values, which define the basic attitude and essence of a media opinion of news events. Starting in the 1980s, framework theory began to be introduced into the field of journalism and communication research, which led to the creation of the “news f”The academic concept. The existence of a framework is inevitable in press reports. Generally speaking, news events are often complex and varied in nature, and because of the time-bound nature and the requirements of the textual nature of the news, it is not possible for journalists to list these attributes in a single story in such a way that they can only capture some of the main attributes of the event and incorporate them into a given framework。
SevenNews authenticity
South china polytechnic 2017, 2016; north division 2016; shanghai finance congress 2014; china geological university 2014; wu dae 2013, china; shanghai university 2010; shandong university 2010
Question in question: true news
North mail 2021; beijing university 2018; xiamen university 2018
Response: trueness of the news is the question of the nature and extent of the news story, which is faithful to objective reality, and the question of its true nature and extent. Truth is the life of the news and the primary measure of the value of all news. The basic point in the meaning of authenticity is that the facts reported in the news must be consistent with objective facts, and that, in the case of specific or single news stories, the news really has two dimensions: firstly, that the news is directed to the actual or existing reality; and secondly, that the news is comprehensive and correct in its response to news facts. For the information and communication community as a whole, it means concrete and holistic reality. There are three requirements for the authenticity of the news: the details are accurate and true; the factual and objective facts of the news are generally consistent; and the nature of the thing is revealed. To insist on the authenticity of the news is the minimum and the highest requirement of the news, and it must be true and the first message of the news。
8 right to know
University of toji, 2021; sichuan foreign language, 2021; nanjing teacher training university, 2019; south china university of finance, economics and law, 2010; nanjing university of technology, 2008, 2006; and xianjiang university, 2008
Response: the right to know is also referred to as the right to be informed, the right to know, the right to know, the right to know, the right to know, the right to know, the right of citizens to have access to information about the public sphere of society and their own information, in particular the right of citizens to have equitable access to the information they need through open channels. For any citizen, the issue of the right to information is most closely related to freedom of the press. The right to information is a legitimate right of freedom of the press. The right to know is essentially about the openness of information and its free flow. In modern societies, the right to information is important because it is a prerequisite for the realization of other rights by citizens, a prerequisite for the democratic constitution of the modern state and a prerequisite for people's ownership and oversight of government and society。
9. Public opinion
University of nam, 2019
Public opinion, also known as public opinion, or “public opinion”, refers to the views or opinions of a considerable number of citizens who share a common preference for an issue. It is a particular expression of social ideology, often reflecting the interests, aspirations and demands of certain classes, classes and social groups. Public opinion manifests itself in the form of words or words, and tends to make public assessments of a public issue in the form of endorsement or opposition, praise or condemnation. Common public opinion is usually formed among social groups of common interest. Public opinion is generally considered to contain four factors: (a) there is a problem or event of common interest; (b) there is a large number of individuals who express their views on the issue or event; (c) there must be a common preference in these opinions; (d) there must be a common opinion that affects society, either directly or indirectly。
10 press regulations
University of hunan, 2015; university of jordan, 2013
Response: press legislation is the main basis for the administration of the state, in the form of legislative texts and administrative enactments, rules and regulations. One of its core issues was to protect freedom of the press, which must be prevented from being misused in order to encourage the media to meet public needs and promote national development, while ensuring that the interests of the state and the public were not compromised. There are three forms of press legislation in various parts of the world: the press act, which is officially enacted in the form of legislation; the supreme court and the jurisprudence of higher courts, which are used as a criterion for considering press cases, i. E. Case law, rather than a written press act; and the press code, which is not written separately in some countries, which incorporates the relevant provisions of the press code into the criminal code of the constitution and other special legal provisions。
11 press ethics
China university of media studies 2013
Question: ethics in journalism
University of central china, 2018; university of nansan, 2017; university of jordan, 2015; university of shanghai, 2015; university of manpower, 2011
A: information ethics, one of the systems of professional ethics, a short list of journalistic ethics. Information ethics is a concept that is rich in content and reflects the sum of ethical principles, ethical norms, moral values, et cetera that subjects observe in their communications activities. The ethics of journalism are the sum of the norms of behaviour that shape relations among people involved in the dissemination of information and information in long-term professional practice. Information ethics refer to the professional ethics of the media (public communications). The journalistic profession or the mass media themselves, in accordance with general social morality (the ethics of journalism are more closely connected to the general public morals) and professional standards of the profession, exercise rational self-regulation and self-regulation of their professional behaviour. Ethics in the press consists of two parts: professional norms and standards of ethics。
12. Journalism (professionalism)
Zheinhua university, 2019; zhejig university, 2019; sichuan university, 2018; nanjing university, 2018; guangxi university, 2018; china media university, 2017; shandong university, 2016; shanghai university, 2015; xiamen university, 2015; sichuan university, 2013; joahan university, 2011; chinese master, 2008
Response: the journalism profession (professionalism) refers to the whole of journalism's professionalism, professional principles and professional requirements, including career ideals, professional standards and legitimate operational means, which are aimed at fulfilling the sacred mission of the media. The “public service” belief developed in the press after the collapse of american party newspapers and the rise of popularized newspapers constitutes “a part of the general trend towards a better era of administrative rationality and professional neutrality”. The aim of journalism professionalism is to serve the whole population, not a certain interest group, and not the media itself. Its most prominent feature is its belief in the objectivity of the press and in accurate reporting of the facts, free of partisan and group positions。
13. Mass communication
University of hamdan, 2017; university of toji, 2014; university of south-west, 2014; university of wenzhou, 2014; university of nanjing, 2012; china, 2011; shanghai, 2010; nanjing, 2010; wuhan, 2009; sichuan university, 2007; university of lanzhou, 2007
Response: mass communication refers to large-scale information production and dissemination activities carried out by specialized media organizations using advanced communication technologies and industrialization to target the general public in society. The characteristics of mass communication include: (a) that the mass media are specialized media organizations involved in the production and dissemination of information; (b) that mass communication is an activity of mass production, reproduction and dissemination of information using advanced communication technologies and industrialization; (c) that mass communication is directed at the general public in society, in terms of communications terminology, i. E., “the audience”; (d) that mass communication is of both a commodity and cultural nature; (e) that mass communication is of a highly one-way nature; and (e) that mass communication is an institutionalized social communication. Mass communication has social functions such as environmental surveillance, social connections and coordination, and the transmission of social heritage。
