The chinese version of the economics doctrine (version 7), the package (mankun by/from liang) - the microeconomics fascicle and the macroeconomics fascicle the purpose of this brief is to provide a detailed account of the core content, structure and academic value of the chinese version of the 7th edition of the economics doctrine (micro+macro fascicle) and to do nothing about the description of “not including the content of the book” that you referred to, focusing only on the true content of the original.) - i - introduction: the cornerstone of the understanding of economic life, the principles of economics, is the hallmark of the globally recognized introductory teaching material on economics, and the author, professor n. Gregory mankiw, has earned the confidence of millions of students around the world with his clear articulation, rich factual cases and rigorous logical structure. This seventh edition of the chinese-language package, carefully translated by mr. Liang xiaomin, a senior translator, ensures the accurate transmission of professional terms and the perfect replica of academic intentions, divided into microeconomics and macroeconomics. The core objective of the course is to build the economic thinking framework of the readers and to guide them in understanding the basic patterns behind individual decision-making, the functioning of markets and even the economic phenomena of the country. Based on the ten fundamentals of economists, it presents a systematic picture of the core concepts, models and policy implications of modern mainstream economics. Ii. Microeconomics fascicles: individual decision-making and market interaction the fascicle provides an in-depth analysis of how rational actors seek to maximize effectiveness or profitability in the context of resource scarcity, and how market mechanisms achieve effective resource allocation. (i) the basics of economics and the way of thinking form the basis of economic analysis. It explains in detail the four core concepts of “density”, “opportunity costs”, “marginality” and “incentives”, which teach readers to think like economists. At the same time, the need for trade-offs is illustrated intuitively by the presentation of the production possibilities boundaries (pc) model. (ii) supply-demand relationships and market mechanisms are at the heart of microeconomics. The materials detail the determinants of demand (demand) and supply (supply), the expression of functions and their variations. Through a balanced price and volume analysis, readers will understand how the market is autonomously moving towards balance. This section focuses on the theory of price elasticity, which measures the sensitivity of demand and supply to price changes, and analyses distortions in market outcomes in the context of policy interventions such as taxation, price regulation, etc. (iii) consumer behaviour and producer selection: before an in-depth analysis of the market, the teaching material built micro-subject behaviour models: 1. Consumer theory: introduction of the concepts of preferences, non-differentiated curves and budgetary constraints, extrapolating the process of formation of the demand curve and explaining what consumer surplus means. Producer theory: analysis of production techniques, cost structure of enterprises (fixed costs, variable costs, marginal costs, etc.). The emphasis is on how enterprises determine production and input factors based on the principle of maximizing profits. (iv) market structure and competition analysis full competition market: analysis of short- and long-term equilibrium and efficiency standards (pareto best). Monopolies: explore the pricing strategies of monopolists, the social costs of monopolies (unnecessary losses) and the regulatory instruments of governments for monopolies. Oligarchy and monopolistic competition: the basic concepts of game theory (e. G. The nash balance) were introduced, and the complex situation of competition between a few large firms was analysed, along with market behaviour resulting from product differentiation. (v) market failures and government interventions this section discusses in detail externality (positive and negative externalities, such as pollution), inadequate supply of public goods (such as defence, street lights) and information asymmetries (such as reverse selection and moral hazard). Ultimately, the material assesses various policy options aimed at correcting market failures, such as the cossorian theorem and the pigu tax. Macroeconomics fascicles: the whole economy's working patterns the macroeconomics fascicles raise the perspective from individual markets to the whole of the national economy, addressing major issues such as economic growth, inflation, unemployment and economic cycles. This section is intended to help readers understand the logic and impact of a country's macroeconomic policy. (i) measuring macroeconomic performance this section begins by establishing a system of indicators to measure economic health: gross domestic product (GDP): a detailed explanation of the methods of accounting for GDP (expenditure method, income method, production method), distinguishing between nominal GDP and real GDP and introducing GDP deflation index to measure price levels. Inflation: an analysis of the measure of inflation - the consumer price index (cpi) - examines the cost of inflation (e. G. Menu cost, shoe bottom cost) and its practical implications. Unemployment: different types of unemployment (complex, structural, cyclical) are distinguished and the concept of natural unemployment is introduced. (ii) the long-term economic growth and financial system. The curriculum addresses long-term determinants of economic growth, including capital accumulation, labour force growth and technological progress. The focus then shifted to the central role of financial markets in resource allocation: overview of the financial system: describe the relationship between savings and investment in national income accounting and the functioning of financial markets (e. G. Bond markets, stock markets) and financial intermediaries (e. G. Banks). Lending finance theory: use supply and demand models to analyse the determinants of real interest rates and the impact of government budget deficits on interest rates. (iii) macroeconomics of an open economy. In the context of globalization, understanding how a country interacts with the world is essential: the basis of international trade: a review of the theory of comparative advantage explains the benefits of trade. Macro-models of open economies: introduction of the concepts of net exports, real exchange rates and nominal exchange rates, modelling of determinants affecting balance of payments and analysis of economic logic behind trade deficits or surpluses. (iv) short-term macroeconomic fluctuations and policies this section focuses on the analytical framework for short-term economic volatility (recession and prosperity): the aggregate demand and aggregate supply model (ad-as): this is a central tool for short-term analysis. The materials provide a detailed extrapolation of the slopes of the aggregate demand curve and the total supply curve and use the model to analyse how shocks (such as oil price changes, confidence crises) affect output and price levels. Monetary and fiscal policy: the central bank's monetary policy instruments (e. G. Open market operations, reserve rates) and government fiscal policies (government expenditures and taxes) were explored in depth. The effectiveness of policy interventions to aggregate demand is assessed through the analysis of monetary and fiscal multipliers. The extension of the general demand theory: introduces different perspectives of keynesianism and classical schools on the effectiveness of short- and long-term policies, including important concepts such as the mobility trap and crowding out effects. 1. Casestudies: each chapter incorporates a large number of real world cases (such as the debate on minimum wages, health-care policies, the impact of globalization, etc.), linking abstract theory closely to real-life issues, greatly enhancing the taste and practical guidance of learning. Logical rigour: the teaching materials consistently adhere to the structure of “minority leads to big conclusions” to ensure that the reader is able to smooth the transition to macro-analysis after mastering the microbase. Policy orientation: the book not only explains “how the economy works”, but focuses more on analysing “how the economy should work” and equips readers with the capacity to critically assess existing economic policies. The kit is an authoritative resource for students in economics, business people, policymakers and all readers who wish to understand systematically the mechanisms for the functioning of the modern economy。
