During the actual use of the glass curtain wall, leaking water is a quality problem that the owners can feel most directly and daily, and has been one of the most common ills in the glass curtain wall for many years。
The causes of water seepage in the glass curtain wall are complex and involve design, material application, construction and management, and research should be strengthened to develop effective measures for integrated management and prevention. Here's a little piece of music that shows you how to analyze the main causes of leaks in several common curtain walls。
I. Leaking of the roof glass curtain wall
The xx-bed building in shenzhen centre, which was inaugurated in august 2009, has been in operation for only half a month, and in the storm of typhoon morafhi on 19 july 2009, the roof of the glass curtain wall leaked, with a similar level of leaking indoor water, which was “wetted” and the extent of leaking. According to the preliminary finding, “the leak should be the lack of sealing on the back of the glass wall above the roof”. The main object of this building is a modular curtain wall, a frame-framed glass curtain wall around 20 metres above the roof. From what we have seen at the scene, the main reason is that the glass-screen wall is not sealed enough to be sealed on the back of the wall, so that the water leaks from the sealed glue to the beam and then flows downwards along the main pillar of aluminium. Subsequently, the administration arranged for a thick seal to be placed on the back of the workers ' glass curtain wall, with the result that there was still a slight rain leak in the event of heavy rains. The most thorough solution to the glass curtain wall on the roof should be the waterproofing measures that are disconnected。
Ii. Leakage in connection with the curtain wall
One. How do you manage the wall to avoid leaks
The wall and the curtain wall will be connected to the corner of a 1. 5 mm plate, which will be sealed in glue for both radians. We call it air seals, which are used for cutting and bending to adapt to changes on the ground. We'll do the aluminum seal outside. Inside the contents。
2. One waterproof, two waterproof and three waterproof。
Iii. The glass curtain wall opens a partial leak
The window opening window for the xx brigade project in shenzhen centre is a 70-series closed window with multiple locks, an average of five full lock points on a single window, an evenly distributed lock point, and, when closing a window, a flat flat and powerful pressure on the window frame, allowing for a certain level of even compression of the sealed seals to the window. It can be said that the window opening in this state, although relatively watery, is itself a slight leak。
Solutions:
The glass curtain wall - the top of the window - has a compressed water seal
1. When designed, we still have a compressed waterproof seal at the top of the window, based on the principle of water protection from pressure, thus avoiding direct water contact with the sealed tape opening the window and further increasing the water confidentiality of the opening window。
2. The window is suspended with a pegged frame, and many do not use the wind to push the wind, to break the limit on the window, and there are a few incidents where the entire glass opening fan falls downstairs。
3. The bottom of the glass curtain wall, which is also a key leakproof area, shall be filled with aluminium and coated with glue. The second is to be careful to turn on the lower end of the glass in order to set the glass tray to avoid gravity of the structural glue。
Iv. Leaking of glass curtain walls
This is a typical glass curtain wall node. In practice, there are minor leakages, mainly due to the fact that aluminium pressure tends to grow at 50 mm, with a single unit per 350 mm, with a general thickness of 1. 5 mm for aluminium decoration lines, glue between aluminium decoration lines and glass at cloud markings, and because there are positions below which there are no aluminium bars and glue bars, the glue should be unable to effectively control mass, and in a year or two, seals can break, etc., causing the curtain wall to leak and air!
Solutions: aluminium pressure blocks should be long enough to effectively control the quality of the glue; they should be followed by a gap-processing approach that promotes the use of sealed glue and tape。
V. Leaking of the glass curtain wall
1. Three sealed lines of the curtain wall
(1) dust wire. A sealed line designed to block the dust is typically carried out by the adjoining units ' glue, which acts as a deterrent to dust and water. In the south, this seal line could not be designed。
(2) waterlines. It is an important line of defence for the curtain wall, which can be crossed by a small leak on the surface of the curtain wall, into the cavity of the curtain wall, and through a reasonable structural design, into which the cavity will be discharged in an organized manner, without the ability to continue to enter the room for water interdiction purposes. In some cases multiple water cables may also be installed to enhance the watery performance of the curtain wall。
(3) airlines. It is also an important line of defence for the curtain wall, since the cavity and outdoors of the cavity between the water and gas cables are basically connected (sometimes the sea cotton that is protected from dust is placed on the connecting holes), so the waterline cannot prevent air infiltration, and the task of preventing air infiltration is performed by the last line of defence-air。
2. Waterproofing of the curtain wall
On the surface of the curtain wall, for waterproofing purposes, pc is designed to equal or approach external pressure po, i. E., the wind pressure on both sides of the water-close line is essentially equal, eliminating or mitigating the wind pressure so that water does not or rarely enter the pressure cavity through the dust and water-close lines。
On both sides of the gas line, the gap and the effect are also inevitable. To achieve non-leakage purposes, the water is to be unsealed, the element of water leakage in the three elements is to be eliminated, and because of the scarcity or absence of water through the dust line and the water line, together with a reasonable tissue drainage, there is no water in the airline, there is no water in the air gap, and thus there is no leakage in the airline, so that the unit wall has a good waterproofness to the part of the plug。
The waterproofness of the modular curtain wall is the “+” stitch of the four units, which is the key to the success of the modular curtain wall. The more successful solutions currently include a smooth and “+” cross-sealed structure, which is no longer exhaustive。
The “close-locked” curtain wall that appeared in the actual project had to be sealed with a “tamped cotton cortex” to cover the unsolved cracks of the core, without any drainage lines to ensure its watery properties, and not to mention the other features! Such a curtain wall must have leaked. Sadly, for a long time, it had been used by a major company as a game of foes, by some curtain-wall expert as a trap against the arc wall, and it had led to many owners!
Summary
There are three basic conditions that lead to seepage and leakage of the curtain wall: the presence of holes; the presence of water; and the presence of pressure for seepage cracks。
Removing one or more of these basic conditions is the way to prevent leakage: first, to minimize the hole and, second, to shield the rain from the wet gap; the third is to reduce the wind pressure differential in the immersion gap。
1. When designed, consideration is given to the design and construction of the waterproofing of the curtain wall, using the principle of pressure equivalence, which is designed to prevent external water from permeating the curtain wall using the pressure difference, by introducing a balance between the external pressure and the external pressure through a special pressure. This is an active waterproof measure。
2. One of the effective water treatment methods is the opening of out-of-door leak holes on the façade of aluminium and the collection of small amounts of water from the facade that enters the facade through a small gap, while removing small amounts of water from the cavity of glass, aluminium and aluminium buttons。
3. Consideration may also be given to the installation of collection and drainage pipes on the glass curtain wall, the collection of water that penetrates the breach into the curtain wall, and the smooth discharge through the drainage pipe to a designated drainage hole in the room, another reliable water treatment measure。
4. Select high-quality structural silicone seals, silone resistant seals, wallside glues, and strengthen tests to prevent obsolete use. High-quality float glass is selected, which must be treated by edges and the glass specification size error meets standard requirements。
5. Take care to control the environment in which sealed glue is used and to prohibit the construction of impregnated silicone in the open rain. Construction workshops for structural glue require cleaning of dust-free interior temperatures of not more than 27°c (with different brands of structural glue having different performances and slightly different requirements for indoor temperatures) and relative humidity of not less than 50%。
6. Structured silica seals, silica seals and wallside glues shall be preceded by the removal of dust, oil stains, looses and other dirty materials from aluminium frames, glass or cracks, which shall be followed by the encapsulation, surface levelling, enhanced conservation, and the prevention of hand touching, water flushing, etc。
7. The construction of the glass curtain wall should be carried out in accordance with the norm, with the aim of repairing and intermediate control of the quality of the curtain wall, in layers。
8. Quality check of the glass curtain wall, with two categories of hidden acceptance and engineering inspection. Concealment is performed after the installation of the aluminium frame, primarily to test the level of security of the connection to the steel code, the installation of gap points between the curtain wall and the main structure, and the installation of stretching stitches. The acceptance of the works was carried out after the completion of the glass curtain wall work, and the acceptance of the glass curtain wall was the intermediate acceptance of the sub-project work。
9. The opening of windows should be carefully checked for containment, for high material quality, reliable function, and for flexibility in opening and closing。
10. In cleaning the curtain wall, the building's own window scrubber is used. If cleaned by professional cleaning companies, there must be a detailed construction organization programme and no damage to the curtain wall。
11. Complete receipt and inspection information is refined and handed over to the relevant departments, and the user units should develop maintenance, repair and maintenance plans and systems for the curtain wall in a timely manner, based on instructions of use。
