Shanghai balcony hydroponic: efficient cultivation of kale in both plum and plum
Hu wenxia and others
The kale, which is part of the crucifixion, is a plant with both a value for appreciation and food, with a variety of leaves in different shapes and colours (white, red, powder, etc.), often used in garden landscapes (e. G., urban flowers, garden decorations, etc.), which adds unique beauty to the environment. At the same time, kale is rich in a variety of nutrients such as vitamin c, vitamin k, calcium, iron and so on. It is a healthy vegetable that is popular among young people and whose tastes are tender and which can be mixed, cooked and cooked. Arable land is small and scattered in the shanghai city's pelican sector, while the local residential balcony is vast and has great market potential. However, a large number of balconies are not reasonably used due to difficulties in soil acquisition and indoor pollution. Hydroculture is an important non-earthed cultivation model that can, to some extent, avoid soil-borne barriers and pests and safeguard crop quality. A technical study on the development of a plume-based plumbing in the balcony is important for the development of plumbing models, for the active use of the balcony space and for meeting the dual needs of the population for healthy vegetables and a beautiful landscape. A summary of the lumbar hydroponic techniques for both graze and plume is presented below for the information of growers in shanghai。
1 selection and characterization of kale variety in prairie
1. 1 varieties selection
3 the most common type of reward-and-use kale is kyoyu 1. "kyo lian hong 3" "kyo crown white 2" the `kyoyu 1' belongs to a high-yielding kale variety of approximately 40 cm tall, with leaves in plume fracture form, with dark green leaves and wax powder. The kyoyu 1 is a young and nutritious man and is often used to make vegetable salads, adding a fresh green to the table. The `kyolian red 3' is a short-sized kale variety of about 16 cm tall, of round leaves type, red leaves, blue leaves, blue green leaves, whole-forming in the form of flowers when grown up and still coloured during the winter, which is common in the northern part of the country and is seen for three to four months, greatly enriching the colour of the winter landscape. The `kyooka white 2' is a short-sized kale type of kale, about 15 cm tall, which is of the type of wrinkled leaves, with white and green leaves, a fresh and light-coloured leaf, and a much larger strain. The `kyogun white 2' is of better value, both as a garden decoration and for small-scale plant viewing。
1. 2 cultivation characteristics
Kale is a specialty that is more resilient and easy to cultivate. The raisin is very cold, very cold, very heat-resistant, very strong, and bright, with a suitable growth temperature of 20-25 °c and a suitable temperature of 18-25 °c for seeds。
Technical highlights of hydroponic management
2. 1 cultivation
The age of kale is typically 35 to 40 d. In the shanghai area, seedlings were generally planted between late august and early september, with planting taking place between late september and mid-october。
In the pre-plant preparation phase, the selected healthy and full seeds are placed in 30 °c water to impregnate 4 h, drift away from the granules, filter out the moisture, then package the seeds with clean wet gauze, and process 24 h in the dark. The use of more than 50 per cent of the filamentable powder mix is generally controlled at 0. 1 per cent of the total mass of the seed, with sufficient mixing to level each seed to effectively combat the disease and increase the rate of seedling. The convection of the pore-crossing water is cultivated to sow the sponges with piped water, squeeze the sponges with your hands, and the humidity is appropriate for the permeation of the beads, but without dripping. The treated seeds are planted into the sponge-sponge hole with a sapling, with one to two seeds per den. The seed-filled sponges are placed in a hydroponic box, where the water level is kept to one third of the sponge height, covered with clean wet veils on the sponge, creating a dark, wet environment. Put the hydroponics on the balcony and regularly replenish the water in the hydroponics。
2. 2 shrimp management
The control criteria for specific environmental conditions for kale saplings are shown in table 1. It is important to note that, when the first leaf of kale is present, the wet gauze covered in sponge should be removed in time for ventilation and wetting in order to prevent sudden fallout of the seeding period。
Table 1 control of environmental conditions of kale saplings
2. 3 hydroculture
When the kale plant grows three to five leafs above ground heights to around 6 cm (i. E., phase 4 in table 1), it can go water-planting. Following the pre-defined partition line, the seeding sponges are torn up lightly, divided into small blocks of 1 cm x 1 cm x 1 cm, and cleaned in the water. A cylindrical cylindrical of 5 cm in diameter plant cotton packs, carefully wrapped around the seedlings' foundation, leaking the roots out of the sponge, and then putting the tamptons into the baskets with them, and planting them in a hydroponic box with a density of 10 cm x 10 cm, at intervals, to provide adequate growth space for kale. You have to select a sprouts of hairy, long, sturdy seedlings to be hydro-planted, with as little damage as possible to the root system. The nutrients use an improved hoglan formula with a depth of 10 cm to meet the oxygen demand for the plant roots. Ph control of nutrients is 6. 0 to 6. 5 and ec values are maintained at 1. 2 to 1. 5 ms/cm. When the nutrient depth drops to 80% of the initial water level, the water should be replenished in a timely manner until the original water level is restored. One full trophic fluid replacement every one month to maintain a concentration of trophic fluid and ph stability。
2. 4 pest management
During the growth of kale, common pests such as pickles, moths, vegetables and vermin grow feathers on the household balcony to a certain extent to avoid infestation. If a bug is found, it can be manually captured immediately, with natural insecticides such as chili, garlic and so forth, and it can be evenly sprayed on the prairie and blue leaves. Clothes and kale are less common, and during hydroponics attention is paid to the occurrence of precipitous diseases and morbid diseases. In day-to-day maintenance, control the temperature and humidity of water cultivation, maintain good ventilation, regularly clean or replace water incubators and camping fluids, reduce the probability of disease occurring and ensure healthy growth of plumbs。
2. 5 collection
When about 50 d of kale is planted and the plant grows about 12 leaves, it is possible to select the thick and bright leaves for harvest. At the time of harvest, it is generally appropriate to collect three to five leaf leaves per plant, with a bearing of around 4 cm in length, in order to protect to the greatest extent possible the seedlings of the plant and to create favourable conditions for the emergence and growth of the new leaf, thus achieving the goal of sustainable harvesting of fresh leaves. Care is taken to remove the aging leaves from the lower of the kale in time for the nutrients to be concentrated in the supply of fresh leaves. As external temperatures are rising and the plume grows faster, there will be a thinning of the leaves and an increase in the fibre content, leading to a deterioration in the taste, and timely harvesting is recommended。
3 concluding remarks
There is great promise for development in the field of hydroponics, as a plant with both value and value for food. In terms of appreciation, the selection of suitable hydroponic kale varieties is essential, not only for the colour of the leaf, but also for the suitability of high-level landscape facilities to ensure overall landscape performance. Three of the kale varieties introduced by the writer can be hydroponic, including the dwarf type. The leaves of kyushu no. 3 `kyogun white no. 2' are coloured, well-appreciated and recommended for use in landscape cultivation. Low-temperature regulation is a key tool for changing plume blades, and when young seedlings grow five leaf leaves, they can properly open windows for natural low-temperature treatment to colour their heart; the visible colour of the heart to move the water incubator to the back of the balcony to the sun can further enhance the colour change effect. However, when plumbing is carried out in the household balcony, it is more difficult to achieve precision control of the cold upper chromosomal chain and more effective optimization options are to be explored in the future. In terms of edible nature, kyouta 1 performed well, with fresh leaves, delicious collide and fried food, and was the preferred species for food cultivation。
Follow-up studies could be conducted around hydroponic fluid formulations to fine-tune the ratio of nutrients, to appropriately add trace elements, to make the leaves fresher and juicy, and to enhance the nutritional value while increasing the taste of food. The kale variety is rich and diverse, and hydroponic testing of different varieties of kale will be another focus of the follow-up study to assist the wider application of kale in home gardening and landscape areas。
