Antenna penetration is not harmful to humans, nor is radiation from macro-base stations. The smaller the base station, the worse the signal, the greater the total radiation; the smaller the base station, the smaller the total radiation。
Shanxi central migration communications engineering company/du construction
New subsectors have generally had poor indoor signals, and many old subdistricts have poor signals, as the newly constructed high-rises nearby block the original base station signals. Users had to call at the window, but the disruption was more severe; the td-scdma signal was worse and even offline during the call, and the user complained a lot. The author has experimented with cell phones and diallings in the home of a resident with a small room but weak signal, and the interruption is even more severe when both sides of the conversation are locked in the gsm network and the other in the td-scdma network. Optimizing with adjustment switching, but with limited effect。
Residents are afraid of radiation blocking the building
Most of the macro-stations have gone well, and in a few places there have been difficulties, and the destruction of individual base stations, even because some residents are afraid of radiation opposition, is a waste. The residents wanted the base station to be built on the roof of another's house, and they had nothing to do with radiation. However, the lack of access to the base station does not guarantee signal coverage, such as a small sector that had intended to build a pole on the roof of a small high-rise building in the centre, which was prevented by opposition from the population. Three macro-base stations were subsequently built around the district, with poor indoor signals and loss of some users。
The radiation at the base is safe
In fact, electromagnetic radiation is everywhere, like solar and television, electromagnetic furnaces, electric blowouts, etc. High-frequency electromagnetic radiation in communication bands has little effect on the human body, with only thermal effects, such as sun-burning or ovens, with some heat in the long run。
Electromagnetic radiation principles
Electromagnetic radiation to which communication users are exposed consists mainly of two components: radiation from the base station antenna to humans and radiation from terminals such as mobile phones to humans. Electromagnetic radiation power density in free space = full irradiation power/ the area of radiation = eirp/(4 πr2) and the antenna's launch power will radiation the entire surface area of the ball, while humans are only a small point on the surface. Assuming that the antenna distance is 30 m, the radiation weight is about 1 in 1,000. The maximum launch power of the main gsm carrier is calculated at 20 w, with an antenna gain of 15 db, negligible losses at the long-range station and only 5 μw/cm2, combined by a multiple network of about 20 μw/cm2, which may be slightly higher for more call users. In fact, when electromagnetic waves pass through a variety of media, the glass window is about 1 db, the general brick wall is about 6 db (reduced by half the power of 3 db) and the wall with the steel band is about 20 db, the radiation is smaller and the signal is worse. The base station, although more capable of launching, has a low electromagnetic radiation density due to its distance from people, while mobile phones have a high electromagnetic radiation density due to their proximity。
The radiation results of the base station are harmless to humans
A macro-based station, with multi-net antennas such as gsm/td-scdma/td-lte/wlan. In the direction of a section of the base station, at a distance of 5 m from the antenna, the radiation was measured at approximately 20 μw/cm2, as shown in figure 1; the national secondary standard of 40 μw/cm2 was also met during the call, as illustrated in figure 2; at 10 m, it was reduced to 3 μw/cm2, as shown in figure 3。
In the living room of the residents on the lower floor of the base station, the electromagnetic radiation was only 0. 1 μw/cm2, much less than the first level of the national flag of 10 μw/cm 2, which is a typical “lower tower black”, so the building of the base station on the top of the residential building did not really harm the human body. Our electromagnetic radiation standards are very high, even in level ii, which is more than 10 times more stringent in the 900 mhz band of gsm than in other countries, such as europe and the united states, and 50 to 70 times more stringent in the full frequency band。
Figure 1 radiation measured at 5 m from the antenna
Figure 2 at 5m from the antenna, radiometric values measured during the call
Figure 3 radiation measured at distance of 10 m from antenna
The worse the signal, the smaller the base station
When macro stations signal differentials, such as 3 cells, the strength of the site is approximately -90dbm, using gsm phones as an example, the radioactivity of the off-call base station is about 0. 04 mw/cm2; the radioactivity of both the call and the call is close to 210 mw/cm2, far above the target, as shown in figure 4; if the cell phone signal is only 1 cell or less, the radiation can be as high as 420 mw/cm2 or higher, as shown in figure 5。
The radioactivity of the call when the cell phone signal is three
Figure 5 radioactivity during cell phone signal 1
Telephone radioactivity when cell phone signals are full
When the macro station signals are good, the field is strong -65dbm, using gsm phones as an example, with radiation of approximately 0. 07 μw/cm2 when the call is not made; the call is 200 μw/cm2 because the signal is good, the reconnection base station controls the mobile phone to lower the launch power to about 20 μw/cm2, as shown in figure 6. The td cell phone is about 10 μw/cm2, the td-lte phone is about 5 μw/cm2 and the radiation values of the cell phones are even smaller。
In most cases, mobile phone radiation is dominant. When the signal is good in the room, the radiation from the cell phone is the smallest when spoken; when the signal from the macro station is good, the radiation is normal; and when the signal from the macro station is poor, the radiation is significantly exceeded. So the more base stations, the better the cover, the smaller the radiation。
How did the radiation rumors at the base break
In order to break the radiation rumours of the base station, reference can be made to the following six points。
Early construction of stations. The majority of the districts where the base station was demolished were newly built after the population had reached the standards of occupancy, which were blocked by a single ununderstood crowd. There is no such problem if the developers are contacted in advance and the station is built before the house is delivered. This would require a change in the previous construction process, without having to wait for a 30 per cent occupancy rate before submitting plans, waiting for approval and designing. When a post-site is built, minority opposition does not materialize, even if it is built; but if it is built when it is built, it will be used well, and no minority will be seen to do so。
2. Use beautification antennas. To make the best use of natural heights, a single site could be selected at a small top of a small district centre. Small antennas, such as lift rods, lifts, etc. The 3-ray antennas in the subsector can be placed on the edges of the roof of the building, so that it is more isolated, without the use of elevated shelves, and it is easy to use fibre-optics to pull rru. Lower-level sub-areas are better served by roof-fired light antennas, which require 4 to 6 antennas on both sides of a three-unit building。
Figure 7 mobile real-time monitoring of electromagnetic radiation data in hangzhou
4. Human care. The settlements that were built after the dismantling of the base stations were mostly of middle-aged age and did not lend themselves to persuasion. Care needs to be taken to care for the elderly, can you subscribe to the health letter magazine free of charge, buy the elderly machine on a preferential basis, etc.? For elderly machines that do not support the distribution of colour mail and internet access, the number of new card hours is increased by the number of minutes. Once the elderly are cared for, there will be no trouble。
5. Interesting experiments. The radiation problem is realistic and easy to understand and rich. Can it be a small experiment in physics for children? As long as children understand, they will convince their families. In elevators, the signal is weak because of the electromagnetic shielding of metals, and the electromagnetic radiation on gsm phones is usually around 150 mw/cm2. Under the antenna at the elevator entrance, the call began slightly higher and then stabilized around 10 metres w/cm2. This can also be confirmed by an experiment with a thin iron leather cabinet. This experience service can also be provided in the operating room, as well as demonstration experiments for secondary school students or experimental equipment such as electromagnetic radiation tests for schools. The purpose is to make it clear that the worse the signal, the smaller the base station。
6. Harnessing resource advantages. The construction of the new station is organized by the iron tower company, which does not compete badly, and the cost of entering the site is reduced, and the costs are even lower for each of them。
Sub-district base station communication needs legislation
In the information society, residential communication capacity should be managed as a mandatory acceptance standard for residential qualifications, as should water, electricity and gas. Owing to unprovoked fear of radiation, users resist the use of base stations near their own services, and operators can only provide them through more costly coverage, leading to waste of communications resources. With regard to the dismantling of the base station throughout the country, which was boycotted by residents of the subdistricts, the cost of optimizing network construction by operators has been increased。
In the past, high “entry fees” or “management fees” were charged by the property, with neither a legal basis nor a clear fee, depending entirely on the prices charged by the property company, and eventually translated into the cost of communications and reflected in the final price of communications services。
The united states, the united kingdom, germany, japan and the republic of korea adopted the current telecommunications law in the 1980s and 1990s, which effectively protects the industrial order, without which our country has yet to enact. Although the circular of the ministry of housing, urban and rural construction, industry and information technology on the implementation of the national standards for fibre-optic access was issued in march 2013, it is limited to fibre-optic aspects and is not mentioned in the wireless communication on the base station. As of the end of may 2014, nearly 1. 3 billion mobile phone users in china, almost one person in one unit, were essential necessities of life, almost 900 million mobile phone users were online, and household landlines were no longer necessary and clients were being lost. A large proportion of the 260 million fixed-language users are unit users, and operators with no broadband access after the ageing of their family lines directly switch to wireless landlines. The need for the construction of base stations in the sub-districts is illustrated by the urgent need for legislation for their communications。
When new neighbourhoods or dwellings are built, the base station can be constructed simultaneously by the building developers in collaboration with the communications construction enterprise, shared by a number of operators and the user's choice. Antenna penetration is the best for high-level large-house subsectors, as well as “elevator vents + roof antennas”. In the case of large units of dwellings and sports stadiums, there is a tidal flow of users, and priority is given to the use of wave ponds when new bases are built. It is encouraging to note that, as a result of the legislation on the base stations, such as the sub-districts, the base stations have become less expensive and can be put into operation earlier, and that the cost of communications has been reduced; users can enjoy preferential access to quality networks earlier。
Note: try to answer your concerns in the public domain, such as “base stations”。
