Knowledge management and business intelligence
Knowledge management is an advanced stage in enterprise information development, while business intelligence is a practical application of knowledge management。
Knowledge management
Knowledge management is an important management theory and management approach in the information age, and the master of management, peter druk, predicted as early as 1962: “knowledge will replace land, labour, capital and machinery as the most important factors of production.” in the process of informatization, knowledge management is a powerful weapon in building the core competitiveness of enterprises and gaining a competitive advantage in the market。
Knowledge management can be defined as the creation of a knowledge system in an organization that is both human and technical, so that information and knowledge in the organization can be constantly innovative through processes such as acquisition, creation, sharing, integration, recording, access and updating. At the same time, this innovative knowledge is constantly fed back into the organization, thus enabling it to accumulate and flourish continuously and turn into the intellectual capital of the enterprise。
In the information age, knowledge has become the dominant source of wealth. The most valuable assets of twenty-first century organizations are the knowledge workers within organizations and their productivity. Knowledge workers are the most viable assets, and the most important task for organizations and individuals is to manage knowledge. Knowledge management will give organizations and individuals greater competitive power and better decision-making。
As early as the 1980s, professor paul romer of stanford university introduced the four-factor theory of economic growth, with the core idea of knowledge as the most important element of economic growth: first, knowledge improves returns; secondly, knowledge requires investment; and thirdly, knowledge has a virtuous circle with investment, investment for knowledge and knowledge for investment. In the process of informatization, the company's greatest asset is the third resource, knowledge, that emerges after capital and labour。
As knowledge is the most important strategic resource for an enterprise, knowledge management becomes an important strategic task for the enterprise. In the context of internationalization and informatization, collective wisdom is needed to improve resilience and innovation in order for enterprises to win in fierce market competition, i. E., the ability to create and apply knowledge, while also providing new ways for firms to achieve visible and tacit knowledge-sharing。
Knowledge management is also a process for information resource management, as people always have to deal with information when they acquire it. There is no doubt that knowledge management should be people-centred, information-based and targeted at knowledge innovation as a resource for development. In short, knowledge management is the process by which people acquire and apply their collective knowledge and skills in business management。
Tools and tools for knowledge management
Knowledge management tools and tools provide the conditions for its implementation, enabling it to serve the competitiveness of enterprises。
Knowledge management tools are a combination of knowledge generation, codification and transfer technologies. The main body of km tools is the collection of computer-based technologies, but also traditional km tools such as paper and pens that people often use。
(1) scope of knowledge management tools
Computer-based management tools fall into three categories: data management tools, information management tools and knowledge management tools. In a broad sense, knowledge management tools are the sum of the three above-mentioned tools, in that data management tools and information management tools can be seen as knowledge management tools; in a narrow sense, knowledge management tools are distinguished from the other two, i. E. Data management tools and information management tools are not knowledge management tools. Knowledge management tools are not only improvements in data management tools and information management tools, but also developments and innovations at a higher level. This is because data, information and knowledge are three different levels. The data are the basis, the “old ecology”. Information, on the other hand, according to the computer founder, “information is a decrease in uncertainty”, and therefore information is processed data that have some useful value. Knowledge is an advanced information and a higher value。
Data management tools are managed for data, manual data, such as sales data, inventory records, various desk statements, etc. Computer-based databases, data warehouses, search engines, data modelling tools, etc。
The information management tool is managed for information. Computer-based tools, such as electronic exchange systems, decision support systems, management information systems, etc., are now often used。
Knowledge management tools are knowledge-oriented, and knowledge management tools can help people to automate or semi-automate knowledge management, such as expert systems, knowledge banks, etc。
(2) classification of knowledge management tools
Knowledge management can be divided into knowledge generation, knowledge coding and knowledge transfer in terms of the life cycle of knowledge in an enterprise. Correspondingly, knowledge management tools fall into three categories, namely, knowledge generation, coding and transfer tools。
1 tools for knowledge generation. Knowledge creation is essential for an enterprise, which is a guarantee of its long-term viability. Knowledge generation includes the generation of new ideas, the discovery of new business models, the invention of new production processes and the integration of pre-existing knowledge. There are many models of intra-firm knowledge generation, such as knowledge acquisition, integration and innovation. Different modes of knowledge generation should be supported by different tools. More frequently used tools for knowledge generation include search engines, data mining techniques, tools for knowledge synthesis and tools to support innovative knowledge。
2 tools for knowledge coding. Knowledge, when generated, can only be of great value through sharing and sharing. Knowledge coding is the expression of knowledge in a standard form that allows it to be easily shared and shared. The difficulty with knowledge coding is that knowledge can hardly be expressed in discrete forms. Knowledge coding tools can be divided into knowledge repositories and knowledge maps。
3 tools for knowledge transfer. The value of knowledge lies in mobility. Many cases have shown that it would be very useful if different sectors shared their experiences and knowledge, and therefore the dissemination of knowledge is important for enhancing the value of knowledge. This applies to organizations or individuals. In the process of knowledge flows, there are many obstacles that prevent the free and arbitrary flow of knowledge. These barriers can be divided into three categories: time difference, spatial difference and social difference. Businesses need to design systems and tools that respond to the characteristics of barriers to enable more efficient flows of business knowledge。
(3) evaluation of knowledge management tools
Knowledge management tools, which are the material basis for the implementation of km by enterprises, play an important role in the implementation of km by enterprises. They facilitate the acquisition and accumulation of business knowledge, facilitate the integration and innovation of business staff, promote knowledge-sharing and use by enterprises and ultimately enhance their innovation and competitiveness. However, existing knowledge management tools are inadequate:
One is that function is incomplete. As knowledge management tools for knowledge management purposes, the effective acquisition, sharing and dissemination of knowledge within the enterprise is not well supported, and its functionality is at a lower level than it is applied on a large scale
Second is the low level of integration. Existing knowledge management tools are almost exclusively mission-specific. Different approaches and tools for technological development often lead to the fragmentation or segregation of knowledge
Third is the lack of synergy. An important function of km is to promote teamwork among business employees and departments, which is not supported by existing knowledge management tools
Fourth is that it is poorly reconfigurable. Businesses need to introduce a variety of different knowledge management tools from multiple places and then build a knowledge management system that is appropriate for themselves. This requires that the tools should be re-constructable and that the performance of existing knowledge management tools in this regard is inadequate。
Business intelligence
Business intelligence (bi) is a systematic process of business collection, management and analysis of business data aimed at enabling decision makers at all levels of the enterprise to acquire knowledge or insight to help them make decisions that are more favourable to the enterprise。
As early as the late 1990s, business intelligence technology was selected as one of the most influential it technologies in the next few years by a leading computer magazine. However, commercial intelligence technology is not a basic or product technology, but is an application of relevant technologies, such as data warehouses, online analysis and processing of orap and data mining, to commercial applications。
The business intelligence system primarily implements the process of translating raw business data into enterprise decision-making information. Unlike information systems in general, it has prominent features in dealing with big data, data analysis and presentation of information。
The business intelligence system consists mainly of pre-processing of data, establishment of data warehouses, data analysis and data presentation four main stages. Data pre-processing is the first step towards the integration of raw enterprise data, which includes the three processes of data extraction, conversion and loading. The establishment of data warehouses is the basis for processing big data. Data analysis is key to reflecting the system's intelligence, generally using two main techniques, on-line analytical processing and data mining. On-line analysis processing not only aggregates/assembles data, but also provides data analysis functions such as slices, slices, drills, rolls and rotations, which allow users to easily perform multidimensional analyses of big data. The objective of data mining is to tap the hidden knowledge behind the data and to create analytical models for predicting future trends and problems facing enterprises through linkages analysis, clustering and classification. In the context of an increase in big data and analytical tools, data presentation primarily guarantees the visualization of the results of system analysis。
Data warehouses, orap and data mining techniques are generally considered to be the three main components of commercial intelligence。
