Before the establishment of the new china, the hechtzers had no political status and were subjected to brutal oppression and extreme ethnic discrimination by foreign and chinese rulers. With the help of the party and the people's government, after the establishment of the new china, the hechtzers returned to their homes of origin, rebuilt their homes, established a people's power and embarked on the path of national equality and development. For more than 50 years, with the support of the party and the people's government, the hizb zhetzer people have struggled hard to become self-reliant, with the help of the fraternal nation, and the path towards national equality and prosperity has grown wider。
Political rights are fully guaranteed. In 1956, the hetze village was formed as the hetze commune, and in 1963 the village of jinkou was formed as the hetze commune. Since the reform and opening up, four rows of the hua river district have been newly built into the hezché commune. At present, there are five hechtzer villages, including jintang and zhengtang, and three hechtsang townships, including four rows, located on the outskirts of yiu ha county, zhang jia, jamus city. The hechtzers participate equally in the management of party and state affairs, actively exercise their right to political participation and representation, and are represented in party assemblies, representative councils and political consultations at the national, provincial, regional (municipal) and municipal levels. According to the fifth national census, conducted in 2000, 126 persons, or 3 per cent of the total population, were heads of state bodies, group organizations and enterprises. In the period 1986-2005, there were 12 members of the party's political organs and sub-offices and above, of whom 1 was at the level of vice-office. The hutzers enjoyed genuine ethnic equality in the new china。
There has been a tremendous leap in economic development. Co-production cooperatives in fisheries, hunting and agriculture, 1956. In 1959, the majority of the hezbze people joined the state farm and were integrated into the fishing, hunting and production units, with some economic development. After the 1960s, the land was exploited on a large scale, hunting resources were drastically reduced, and the hizballahs gradually abandoned hunting and largely turned to fishing production. Following the reform and opening up, the hezbze region maintained that “fisheries are the main, food-dependent and diversified”, and that the economy was rehabilitated and developed. In 1980, the hetzers of the eight-block, four-row villages were drawn from the former production team and formed a dedicated fishing production unit. In the form of working capital, the state has earmarked funds to help production teams acquire diesel hangers, upgrade fishing vessels and nets, and motorize fishing vessels. In 1983, family contracts were introduced, production was carried out in a family unit, motivation was mobilized and per capita income increased significantly. In 1992, as a result of the massive increase in the population of the tri river basin, the multiplication of fishing vessels, the severe contraction of fishing resources, the continuous decline in fishing volume and the loss of space for the development of traditional fisheries, the state undertook a major restructuring of the industrial structure of the hezbé village. By the end of 2000, the total income of the hutzer family in the hetzer village amounted to rmb 1. 43 million, of which rmb 5. 71 million was grown and rmb 2. 2 million for the pastoral sector, compared with rmb 1. 36 million for fisheries. The annual per capita income of villagers varies from $1200 to $3,000. The hizbuk have succeeded in achieving a historic transition from a fishing and hunting nation to an agricultural one, with the initial formation of a diversified economic landscape dominated by the farming industry and the entering of a new stage of economic and social development in the hezbek village。
The standard of living of the population has improved significantly. At the inception of the new china, the hechtzers lived in extreme poverty. The party and the people's government provide loans and subsistence allowances and free fishing and hunting tools, food, clothing, etc. To help the hechtzers develop production and improve their lives. In 2004, the average annual income of the hechtzer family in five hechtzer villages varied between $2100 and $3,600. Of these, 159 families, or 38 per cent of the total, earned more than $3,000. Only 5 families, were close to the province-wide per capita income of farmers, with the highest fork villages reaching $3,600 per capita. The number of durable items per 100 households owned by the hizbuk villagers, such as paint and washing machines and refrigerators, exceeds the rural average of heilongjiang province. Access to piped water is 100 per cent. There has also been a marked improvement in the living conditions of the hizbuk villagers, with an area of more than 20 square metres per inhabitant with the construction of the hizbuk sub-districts at the junction and the villages. Culture is developing rapidly. Since the establishment of the new china, public cultural facilities, such as cultural halls, have emerged in the area of the hetze nation, and the hetze nation has begun to produce its own written literature, including novels, poetry, essays, theatre and film creation. At present, all three herceg-city communes have cultural houses and regularly organize cultural activities. Founded in 1990, the hechtzer museum of the same city displays antiquities and folklore. Historic traditional leather products have become well-known tourist souvenirs. The fine jewellery boxes made from the bark of the acreage, the various small packagings and the crafted fruit dishes, dishes, dishes, etc. Are traditional and popular. The only professional writer of the hechtian people is u baek-shin, who is an influential and excellent playwright in the new china, representing the film, " the visitor on the ice mountains" and the play, "the wedding of hechtzers". The well-known peasant customary painter yu yong-ho's paintings combine the techniques of national paintings and paintings, displaying a true and visual image of the production and life of the hezbé ethnic group and participating in many of the country's farmers' art exhibitions and winning many awards. In order to protect the endangered herphetian language, while preserving its linguistic and cultural heritage, experts from the state organize audio, video and cd-rom recordings of the hethetian language. Starting in 1985, a “uzhogon” cultural assembly has been held in the hezbok area and since 1988 every three years. At the “uzhongongong” congress, not only cultural performances, but also archery, "duraji", forkball, tug, neck force, wrestling, swimming, “deer hairball”, rowing, wrench, forkfish, etc. The “uzhugon” congress has become an important form of transmission of the hezbek traditional culture and a well-known brand for the development of the tourism economy。
The development of the hezb-e-culture education is particularly prominent. In 1999, hechtzer schools in the streets, in turn and in four rows met provincial standards for standardized schools, and four village schools successfully passed their provincial and national “p9” acceptances, with 100 per cent enrolment and consolidation rates. The hizb zone is the first of the country's 55 ethnic minorities to achieve “p9” education and the first to eradicate youth illiteracy. Zenium
Prior to the establishment of the new china, the disease in the hezbze region spread and the mortality rate was high. Since the establishment of the new china, the state of health and health care has changed fundamentally, and infectious diseases such as typhoid fever and smallpox have been virtually eliminated. According to the fifth national census in 2000, the life expectancy of the hechtzer population was 69. 96. At present, all three hercegian communes have health centres that are fully equipped and do not have general surgery. In the three communes, 100 per cent of pre-school children were immunized, and the maternal and infant mortality rate was zero. Zenium
Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, the state has been promoting initiatives for the prosperity of the border population and promoting the development of the less populated ethnic group, and has made great efforts to support the development of the border ethnic minority areas and the less populated ethnic group. This has opened up new opportunities for the hezbze people living on the border and belonging to the smaller ethnic group. In particular, since the adoption of the programme for the development of smaller peoples (2006-2010) and the plan for the 11th five-year plan for the action of the hación rich, the hizbán have received the full support of the state and society. The productive living conditions of the hezbán-populated villages have improved significantly, and the economic and social development of the hezbán have accelerated considerably. At the present time, taking advantage of the spring wind of the comprehensive construction of small and well-being societies and the construction of a socialist harmonious society, the hydra people are ushering in a new and better, richer and more beautiful life for themselves。
(excerpt from chinese minority volume of the five series on ethnic issues)
