This is an articleMediaThesis, which is guided by the marx organic movement of the press, and which attempts to apply the theoretical knowledge of journalism, communication, such as “physical truth”, “news truth”, to a total of 48 in 2013-2017 by combing and analysingInvert newsThe case has sought to present an overall picture of the development of reverse news, analysing the process, type and characteristics of reverse news formation, combining it with specific reverse news cases, exploring the reasons behind the reverse news formation in two phases, identifying its organic behaviour, providing a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of reverse news, analysing and reflecting on the inevitability of the current reverse news, and disputing its positive and negative effects, with a view to providing a new, rational perspective on reverse news。
Introduction to chapter 1
1. 1 background and significance of the study
In 2013, the round-up of the 10 "reverses" 2013: there is no need for truth" was spearheaded by xinhua network; in 2014, the watcher network continued to focus on the reverse news, following the pace of the round-taking, publishing the article "eights of the rounds 2014" ; in the year, the round-taking of the reverse news was published by the people's network, "twentys of the tops of the news 2015, do not fall too much..."; at the end of 2016, china's economic network continued to launch the big reverse news to allow the truth to fly for a moment; and at the end of 2017, the voice of china micro-message public published some of the 210710 micro-messages that almost made you `mote', and that the negative news-set report became `normal' and its frequency appeared to be moving towards high frequency. As this “unusually” evolves to normality, it is inevitable that the credibility of the media will be called into question, and this has proved to be the case. Certainly, the negative impact of the emergence of reverse news is not limited to the media. It follows that reflection and research on the reverse news of normality are also urgently needed in the real world. The generation of inverted news is guided by a society-wide context, understanding the current state of development of reverse news and exploring its specific inversion processes。
However, everything was divided into two parts, and the reverse news was not bad-for-nothing, but it had its merits. There is a tendency to demonize the current perception of reverse journalism. Although the reverse news is a phenomenon that has only become known to the general public in recent years, its origins can be traced back to the “press organic movement” proposed by marx. The theory of “press organic movement” is the theory of newspaper journalism put forward by marx in 1842, who believes that the truth will eventually surface as long as the newspaper is constantly amended in the organic movement. If this theory were to be placed in today's media environment, it would be less scary or less surprising to reverse news. From the perspective of “organism”, the entire process of inversion, especially the process of later promotion, is seen as an organic movement, and it does not have to be subject to much criticism. The emergence of “reverse news” poses new challenges for the conceptual definition, theoretical application and operational exploration of news and journalism behaviour. With advances in cybertechnologies, changes in the media environment, changes in the meaning, principles and concepts of the definition of information, and in particular its true meanings, principles and concepts, and the balance between its timeliness and its true relationship, and the emergence of new circumstances, it is all necessary to clarify and understand。
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1. 2 study the current situation and related concepts
1. 2. 1 inverting news research
To date, china's network, using the word “inverted” as a prerequisite, has entered “inverted news” and related terms. A total of 171 journal articles have been retrieved, while 10 newspaper-type articles of a more business-oriented type have been retrieved; and “inverted news” and related words have been entered as a search prerequisite, with 26 master's papers having been retrieved, and no doctoral thesis has yet appeared. While reverse news is a phenomenon that has become widespread and has attracted widespread attention only in recent years, for which there is no clear or uniform concept yet in the academic and industry circles, the research of dissertations is merely a conceptual analysis of reverse news, false news and false news to better understand the reverse news itself. However, with the broad interest of society and the attention of the academic and industry communities, the number of relevant literature on “reverse news” has increased each year, with the largest number of periodical papers。
Overall, the causes, impact and response aspects of the reverse news are the focus and value of its research. As research deepens, its perspectives become more diverse. For example, the researcher mao, in his paper the entanglement of facts and values — a study of press inverted reporting, took a philosophical perspective as an entry point and selected three typical inverted news cases, from the point of view of news texts and news production, to analyze the inverted news stories, thereby moving forward, observing and analysing the relationship between facts and values in his report. Wang min's "illusion and visualization in the reversal news" is an entry point with two theoretical perspectives: "imagination" and "observation" in order to look at the social dynamics of the reversal news and offer ways to circumvent it. In its study on media literacy in the context of media literacy, liang suk-suk interpreted the phenomenon of reverse journalism from the perspective of the four main actors involved, provided a basis for post-text analysis of the reasons for media literacy in the context of reverse news, and concluded with educational proposals for targeted media literacy, with a view to improving media literacy among the various recipients in order to minimize the reversal process. Tan yushang, in logical mistakes and regulations in reversal news, from a theoretical perspective of journalistic logic and reading psychology, writes about the specific case in reversal news, studying the causes of the logical fallacy in the different logical manifestations of reverse news, and gives specific avenues for solving problems from the perspective of media journalists and citizens。
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Chapter 2 inverted news formation process, type and characteristics
2. 1 inverting news formation
With the beginning of the sino-china roundup of “reverse news” in 2013 and the subsequent annual wrap-up and selection of “reverse news” in the country's mainstream media (to date), and in order to present a comprehensive picture of the current state of development of the reverse news and to explore the process, type and characteristics of the reverse news generation, the present document outlines the reverse news of sino-china network (10 cases), the network of observers (8 cases), the people's network (10 cases), the china economic network (10 cases) and the voice of china (10 cases), as well as 48 cases。
As a result of a condensing of the reverse news for 2013 - 2017, it has been found that reverse news formation is likely to go through a reverse process: “the event — the source of the message — the online press — the initial public opinion formation — the supplementation, correction and verification of new facts (one or more times) — the reverse of public opinion (one or more times) — the rationalization of public opinion. “when does the news reverse? When the subsequent news facts come to light in conflict with or out of line with the initial report or information, the news reverses. It should be noted that in the process there is also a reversal of public opinion, triggered by a conflict of fact or a mismatch, and that the beginning of a reversal does not mean an end to the reversal. The final end of the inversion, according to this paper, lies more in the calming down of public opinion than in the rationalization of public opinion, so that it is a complete reversal. Following the incident and the exposure of the source of the message, media reports or online hotshots followed, forming initial public opinion. With the emergence of new facts that conflict or do not match the original facts, the news reverses when the new facts are supplemented, corrected and verified. If there is another conflict or mismatch with new facts, and a new round of supplementation or correction is completed, the news will be reversed again, and so on. Following a reversal of the news, the audience's position or attitude towards news events will eventually evolve from a first-sided opinion to a rational one. This stage is often one in which professional media comment and reflect on news events in order to properly guide public opinion。
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2. 2 type of reverse news
Each of the 48 reverse news cases varied in content, nature and process performance. In terms of the overall picture of the content of the report, the reverse news is currently covering thematic areas such as medical conflicts, national qualities, social ethics, violence and abuse, school education, police problems, problems involving officials, urban-rural disparities, consumer rights, social trust or affection, and cyber-scrambling problems, although, as the reverse news grows and develops, its content is constantly enriched, and it is difficult to cover all the reverse news simply by dividing it by content. In order to gain a clearer understanding of the reverse news itself and from the point of view of the reverse, the following classification of the reverse news is provided:
2. 2. 1 “all-round” reversal
The “comprehensive” reversal refers to a complete reversal of news coverage at the level of authenticity, which is the most direct and thorough form of reverse reporting, with initial reports or subsequent reports proving to be completely false or false. Such inverted news often turns out to be lies, pure fabrications by the person concerned for some reason, or false news made by the person behind the scenes for commercial gain only, to a zero degree. The most direct and powerful aversion to news is the negative impact of this reversal, which has a negative impact on the real perception of news and news, often undermining social trust。
It is indeed an immoral act to consume the feelings of the general public in the interest of the author of the story, and it is also an irresponsible manifestation of the media's failure to identify the purpose of the “fun” initially. However, as a result, there has been a reversal of the news and the eventual disclosure of false news, reflecting the attitude of the media to “check the truth” and the pursuit of “news truth”. The reversal of the “cleaner and summer girl umbrella” incident was also due to the skepticism of the news and the continuing interviews of the newspaper news service that revealed the false story of the paid performance of “human truth” advertising the umbrella. It is also out of online questioning and media investigations that the reverse push of the shenzhen `the most beautiful' girls who feed the handicapped beggars was able to discover that the girl in love was a setup. From this point of view, it is also a major step forward in the development of information in the new media environment and is reflecting the “organizing” state of the current news. At the moment, both the media and the audience can reveal the truth in an “organic” way and make the news real。
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Chapter 3
3. 1 prior period leading to a reversal: the “joint performance” of sources, media and audiences 25
3. 1. 1 source dimension 25
3. 1. 2 media dimension 27
Chapter 4
4. 1 positive effects of reverse news 41
4. 1. 1 restoration of the truth and completion of the presentation of organic truth 41
4. 1. 2 addressing social problems
Chapter 4 reverse the positive and negative effects of news and its reflections
4. 1 the positive effect of reverse news response
4. 1. 1 revert the facts and complete the presentation of organic reality
No matter how far the reverse news has gone from the news at first, and how often it has gone, it is fortunate that, thanks to the continuous efforts of the professional media, the events have turned to the truth and completed the presentation of organic truth. Reversing the reality of the news is a reality that manifests itself in the process, but the process of moving closer to it is even more distorted. Multiple inverted news is the most visible manifestation of this twisting process, as it can also be diverted from time to time from the “news truth” track to a straight line. For example, in the harbin skyfish incident, which ranged from a voice-over restaurant to a voice-calling newser to a back-to-back process of denouncing the hotel; in the “men's home opening and capture”, from @hhangzhou daily weibo, it was reported that mr. Dalian's young man lee “is a drug dealer” to his apologies for the incident were reversed several times. Without such a convoluted inversion, the events would have been more confused, and the parties in both cases might have been under constant pressure from public opinion to protect their legitimate interests。
Reversing news is a process of one or more reversals, of “false truths” one step at a time, of constantly correcting misinformation and false news, thus restoring the truth. This reverse process can be seen as an expression of an organic movement. The diverse actors involved in the reverse news, through the form of “organic movements”, have constantly corrected pre-existing deviations or misperceptions, completing the presentation, construction and shaping of “physical truth”. Moreover, this ongoing process of reversal is an entirely new way of dialogue and consultation that gives us more possibilities than ever before to approach the truth, which is a manifestation of the self-purification of the media。
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Concluding remarks
