In order to effectively guide the development of the organic vegetable industry in the beijing region, the beijing city agricultural technology promotion centre recently launched technical elements of the organic cucumber production series, based on the current production rate and mainly on cucumber crops。
According to wang tien, an expert and researcher in agricultural extension stations in beijing, organic cucumbers are products produced by organic agricultural production systems, processed in accordance with the requirements of organic agricultural production and the corresponding standards, and certified by independent organic certification bodies; organic agriculture is a form of agricultural production that uses a range of sustainable agricultural techniques to maintain a stable agricultural production system, in accordance with the criteria for organic agricultural production, without the use of genetically engineered organisms and products, chemically synthesized pesticides, fertilizers, growth regulators and feed additives, in accordance with natural laws and ecological principles. The most fundamental point of departure for organic agriculture is the conservation and improvement of the ecological environment, the promotion of a sustainable way of production with the integrated use of resources and a way of life in harmony with nature. Organic agriculture (planting) is by no means a simple non-fertilizing, non-pesting or a return to primitive agriculture, but rather a modern form of agricultural production that integrates modern theories of ecology, biology, agronomy, management and informatics, drawing on traditional agricultural experience。
The planting period is best selected: at the current stage, mid-february — at the end of february — the suitable planting period for the production of grasshoppers is 30 days for the calendar age, which should not exceed 35 days。
The selection of varieties is required: to the extent possible, seeds from the organic production system should be selected from genetically modified varieties and prohibited substances, such as cucumbers, such as chemical clothing; for the production characteristics of this mouth, cucumbers should be selected for early maturity (lowest of the first female species), high resistance to disease (emphasis on frosty disease, angular disease, resistance to white powder), low temperature resistance, high conservancy (strong female or pure female species), high quality varieties, such as cucumbers such as grand 22 and grand 25, medium-farmers, and cucumbers such as doo-star and diana; and cucumbers such as cucumbers with no negative impact on the quality of the product, which enhances the commodity-like range of cucumbers such as quail, nordinos and kyonazine 5。
Cultivation techniques need to be mastered: the selection and handling of nursery facilities must be appropriate。
First, the nursery facilities are ready. In the first three to four days of clean field seedlings and sterilisation of the roof surfaces of the sheds, 20 per cent of the spicy root water emulant 1 litre/acre was selected to be sterilized on the surface, ground and air of the sheds with a hot smoke application machine, or to be sprayed with sterilised sterilizers with vinegar, bamboo vinegar, which is used to sow seed. At the same time, the nursery should be isolated from the outside world, with a triangle of more than 40 feet in the wind。
Second, there is a choice of nursery containers. 50 holes or 72 per cent of chassis should be selected as nursery containers, and new chassis should be applied after full external dissipation, and 0. 1 per cent of potassium permanganate water solution for reuse should be impregnated and emptied after 30 minutes。
Thirdly, there is a ratio of the seedling matrix. It is desirable to apply a matrix of seedlings (which is not to be reused), which is mixed with grass-grass, pebbles and pearl rock, with a volume ratio of 3:1, with appropriate root agents added per cubic metre of seedlings, 10 kilograms of organic fattening for fully decomposed commodities, and evenly mixed。
Fourthly, seed processing needs to be advanced. Pre-plant sterilisation of seeds may take place using a mild soup leachate method, i. E., the extraction of a unsophisticated clean container, where the seed is impregnated for 15 minutes with room temperature water, then the seed is immersed at 55°c warm water, mixed at the same speed with wood bars along the same direction, with a constant temperature immersed for 20 minutes, then the after-sterilization seed is immersed in hot water at 25-30°c for 4-6 hours, after which the seed is fertilized at 25-30°c, and the seed is draught in white seed; or the use of potassium permanganate solubility is immersed at 25-30°c for three to four hours with 25°c, and then immersed in 0. 5% of the potassium permanganate water solution 10-15 minutes; or 0. 1% of the copper acid water soluble is immered for five minutes。
Fifth, the seeding process should be detailed. A well-formulated seedling matrix is prepared with a little water mixing before the palletation, and the amount of water added is determined by the degree to which it is easily held by hand and scattered after landing, and the base plate is not pressurized, and all the holes are flat, and the rooms should be clearly visible when filled. It is then placed in a nursery bed, under a thin film, watered before seeding, pegged with its fingers at a depth of 1 cm, then covered with cylindrical stones, 1 cm thick, and warmed and humid。
Sixth, there are many points to post-plant management. The first is critical to pre-plant management, where seeding maintains a nursery temperature of 20-24°c, a temperature of 28-30°c, removes the membrane and “cap-out” skins in a timely manner after seeding, and the second is a six-pronged management point after seeding. Among these are temperature management, which reduces the temperature, especially at night, when seedlings come out of the soil, and prevents the growth of young seedlings, 20-25°c in the day, 15-18°c in the night, 16-20°c in the ground, where growth differences may occur due to temperature differences in the indoor temperature, which can lead to a long-term downing of seedlings, allowing seedlings on both the north and the south of the seedbed to adjust the saplings. In the area of light management, light levels and hours of light are important conditions for the formation of cucumber seedlings, and low temperatures and short-day photos are one of the advantages of promoting the separation of female species, ranging from 8 to 10 hours per day. In the rainy days, the curtains shall also be lifted, so that the seedlings shall not grow. If the temperature is too high and the sun is too strong, the straw curtains should be used to avoid sunburning of the young. In the area of ventilation management, the principles of ventilation are the early, early, long and negative weather. The seedlings are so big that they are so small and so short. Appropriate ventilation during the day as temperature changes. The wind is normal from 09:00 to 10:00, and the wind is gradually shrinking after 14:00, and it is completely closed at 16:00 to 17:00. In the management of water fertilizers, the management of water during the seeding season is carried out using dry and wet alternation methods, with the relative water content of the seeding matrix generally controlled at 60-80 per cent. The water is suitable in the early morning and it is not appropriate to use cold water directly to sow a real leaf that sprays amino acids or corrosive folates without adding growth regulators and chemical fertilizers. Third is pre-plant seedlings. Precubation begins one week before planting, with a combination of cooling and physico-drying of seedlings, and the temperature is gradually reduced to 20-15°c during the day and 13-10°c at night, while water is controlled. Fourth is the timeliness of pest control. The main ills during this period are sudden fallout, adhesion and frost, and the pests are mainly mites, aphids and powdered lice. On the basis of the preparation of pre-cubation sheds for disinfection, wind-port isolation and seed sterilization, the first is to regulate the appropriate nursery environment to avoid wetness over high-induced diseases, to avoid weak light and excessive night temperature, the second is to carry yellow-blue panels to trap small pests, to monitor the occurrence of pests, and the third is to control the agent, which is to be prevented by the production of permitted plant protection agents in organic cucumber at the onset of the disease, and to control the pest control agent with imposters, fentanone, bitter alkaline, natural pyrethrin, etc。
Seventh, a reasonable arrangement for the marriage of a child. In the case of seedlings, the planting time difference between the ears and the logs must be reasonably arranged in accordance with the characteristics of the beam and the method of beaming; in the case of the common brown seeded pumpkin beams, the beams are sowed four to five days earlier than the beams; in the case of beams, the beams are sowed four to five days later; and in the case of beams, they are sowed one to two days later. (man, figure: conan goose)
