The term " special equipment " is unknown and familiar to most people, because boilers, forklifts, cranes, etc. Are gradually away from people's daily lives; and because of the frequent use of elevators, passenger access routes and large recreational facilities. But perhaps only those who use special equipment on a daily basis will describe it using the word “no loss” because every incident with special equipment will result in significant loss of life and property。
Special equipment safety: lessons learned from accidents
For the first time, the importance of the safety of special equipment has been recognized by all sectors of society. On 25 april 1955, a boiler at tianjin's first cotton mill exploded in operation, killing 8 people, seriously injuring 17 others, injuring 52 others lightly and causing direct economic damage of $370,000. In the aftermath of the incident, the central leadership attached great importance to it. In july of the same year, the directorate-general for the safety of boilers was established, thus opening up the country's special supervision and control of boilers, pressure containers, cranes, etc., and carrying out national security inspections。
For more than a decade now, the security monitoring body has been in a state of operation, even though it has been weakened and rebuilt, and it was not until the time of the revolution that security monitoring in the country was completely stalled. It was for this reason that, in 1979, 45 people were killed and 36 seriously injured by thermal exchangers at the namyang diesel plant in henan province, 59 were killed by the explosion of liquid chlorine cylinders at the zhejiang win state electric power plant, 779 were hospitalized and 779 were injured by the explosion of 400 cubic metres of the lp gas plant in jilin province。
The fact that there have been three major consecutive incidents, which have resulted in a large number of deaths and injuries, has once again brought an unprecedented national consensus on the importance of security for economic and social development. Subsequently, the state council introduced the provisional regulations for the safety of pressure containers in boilers (hereinafter referred to as the provisional regulations), the ministry of labour established safety regulations for boilers in pressure containers, established and improved security inspection bodies at all levels, and introduced a two-track system of security inspection for “inspection and inspection”。
Over the past 20 years, the provisional regulations have effectively alleviated the problem of the high incidence of accidents involving special equipment, but due to the country's rapid economic and social development, weak regulatory systems and the lack of regulation of new types of special equipment have once again become regulatory gaps. As a result, on 1 june 2003, the state council introduced the regulation on the inspection of the safety of special equipment, which, for the first time, defined a new pattern of corporate responsibility, government oversight of leadership, sector monitoring in accordance with the law, and broad social oversight, as a milestone in the development of special equipment inspections。
To date, the country's legislation regulating special equipment, the state council's regulation no. 1, the department regulation no. 11, the security technical regulation no. 115, the relevant standards over 1,500 and local regulations over 10. Despite the numerous regulatory and regulatory regulations, the absence of a specific law regulating the management of special equipment at various locations has resulted in increasing security pressures。
Special equipment security legislation has become a priority
In its research, the national people's congress found that 275 incidents involving various types of special equipment had occurred throughout the country in 2011, resulting in 300 deaths and 332 injuries. Of the 275 special equipment accidents throughout the year, 41 were boilers, 21 were pressure containers, 27 were cylinders, 6 were pressure pipes, 64 were elevators, 74 were cranes, 1 was a passenger route, 7 were large recreational facilities and 34 were specialized motor vehicles on site. The largest number of all types of accidents occurred, mainly in the construction site, storage logistics and metallurgy, and mechanical manufacturing industries, each accounting for one third. The main characteristics of the lifting machinery accidents in the construction site were the collapse, with most accidents in the warehousing logistics and metallurgy, mechanical manufacturing industries being impact, crushing and crashing; most elevator accidents occurred in the course of operations such as installation, repair and maintenance, mainly because of poor management and irregularities by operators; and most motor vehicle accidents in the field occurred in the use of the warehousing logistics and metallurgy and mechanical manufacturing industries, mostly forklifts。
“special equipment security legislation has become a priority.” at the twenty-eighth session of the standing committee of the 11th national people's congress, the deputy director of the national people's congress on finance and economics, speaking on the note on the draft law on the safety of special equipment, said that the existing administrative regulations were no longer adapted to the needs of the new period for the security of special equipment. The main problems were the lack of effective implementation of the security monitoring system under the existing regulations, the continuing gaps in the monitoring of security in some areas and the fact that some of the risks of accidents had not been eliminated in a timely manner and the failure to effectively curb the occurrence of special equipment accidents. The penalties for violations are single and inadequate. There are overlaps, gaps and even contradictions between regulations and relevant laws such as the law on safe production, the law on construction, the law on labour, the law on product quality and the law on inspection of imports and exports of goods。
With regard to the safety management of special equipment, the draft law provides for technical safety regulations, operational use of production, inspection, emergency response and investigation of accidents, supervision, legal liability, etc. The scope and regulatory principles of special equipment have been clarified, the legal status of safety technology norms has been established, the primary responsibility of producers, operators and users has been established, the relationship between state and business testing has been defined and civil legal liability has been increased。
Mr. Lee, deputy director of seok-seok
Representative zhou
“i have made some observations and suggestions in connection with my work at the national directorate of quality inspection, which has been involved in the monitoring of the safety of special equipment.” in considering the draft, the former deputy director-general of the general directorate for quality monitoring and quarantine of the national people's congress stated that the incidence of accidents involving special equipment in the country was four to six times higher than in developed countries, that if legislation was not adopted, a well-established legal and regulatory system for the security of special equipment was in place, that there was a lack of solid institutional safeguards to prevent and curb the occurrence of accidents at the root, and that it was difficult to fulfil the government's responsibility for accountability. Speeding up the development of the special equipment security law is both a solemn commitment by the party and the government to protect the lives and property of the people and a legal guarantee of innovative special equipment security. “the draft's introduction of a recall system for specialized equipment with defects can be described as a major breakthrough in industrial products other than consumer goods, which makes the means of protecting the rights of the population more diverse. There is also a need to further clarify the leadership responsibilities of all levels of government and to ensure the safety of all types of producers. For example, people's governments at all levels should integrate the safety of special equipment into local economic and social development planning, achieve unified leadership of the security of special equipment, and organize timely and coordinated efforts to address critical issues in safety and security.”
The need for legislation to be developed in the context of the manufacture, use and regulation of special equipment, and to eliminate the risks from the bud, was at the core of the committee's deliberations. To this end, they have proposed to strengthen the responsibility of the lessor for the rental of special equipment by specifying in the contract that the lessor has a duty to repair, maintain and use during the period of the lease; imposing heavy penalties for violations of the provisions of the law; strengthening awareness-raising campaigns on the safety of special equipment; disseminating information on the safety of special equipment in public places; enhancing the perception of accidents in special equipment among producers, operators, users and clients; and raising awareness of safety and self-protection of personnel involved in special equipment。
It's a piece of legislation
“security is the enterprise's greatest benefit. It doesn't matter if businesses don't make money today, they can make money tomorrow, they can make money next year if they don't make money this year, but they may never exist if there is a security accident. The problem with the safety of special equipment management lies in the awareness of those responsible for the frequent occurrence of plant safety accidents and the fact that for decades there have been no problems. Secure management of special equipment must be secured and the enterprise must be aware of the first responsible.” in an interview with the press, zhou jiagui, president of the national people's congress, who has been working for over 30 years in the management of textile enterprises, and chairman of kim han river fibres ltd., hubei zhongxiang city, considered that special equipment legislation, in addition to regulating large industrial special equipment such as boilers, steamballs, required forward-looking attention to the safety of civilian special equipment。
Zhou jiagui told journalists that as the standard of living improved, both in cities and towns, more and more people were using natural gas. However, as far as gas pipelines are concerned, they are new, and there are no regulations for life pressure pipelines, so they are a weak link in management. “before i come to the meeting, our comrades at the local quality technology supervisory authority asked me to reflect on the safety management of gas pressure pipelines. The current regulatory standards for the design, installation and use of pressure pipes are not aligned with those for manufacturing, resulting in the non-registration and non-scheduled testing of the pressure lines in use. The gas pipeline is concerned with the safety of families and hopes that the standing committee of the national people's congress will give special attention to the development of special equipment safety laws.”
“special equipment such as specialized equipment for civilian airports, offshore installations and ships, civil aviation aircraft and railway rolling stock, which are directly related to public safety, must not have regulatory gaps.” the standing committee of the national people's congress also believes that if the special equipment is not under current supervision, the catalogue of special equipment will be updated in time for the adoption of the law. That is how we can demonstrate our determination to guarantee the safety of people's lives and property and to prevent major accidents。
“the seeing of the wise is unmistakable, and the wise avoid the invisible.” the first review by the standing committee of the national people's congress of the law on the safety of special equipment is undoubtedly aimed at ensuring that china's economy and society are healthy and orderly while developing rapidly, by applying the legal rigidity, streamlining the regulatory system, enforcing the primary responsibility for the safety of enterprises, and effectively preventing, reducing and containing the occurrence of major accidents involving special equipment, both institutionally and at the source. (reporter/u ho)
