The first module, life and consumption, the first lesson, the magic monetary meaning: labor products for exchange. I. Basic attributes of commodities: use value and value. [specific attention] 1 to determine whether an item is a commodity 1 definition: a. Used for the exchange of b. Labour products (reverse: air, sunlight; home-made food; gifts) 2 three-area approach: goods must be in circulation, not into consumption. (example: pens in use, etc.)2 use value in relation to the value of the use: the properties of a commodity that meets a certain need. 1 differentiated (oppositional) values: undifferential human labour condensed in goods. The third value of a commodity is based on the economic basis of the use of value (“concerning food safety issues, valuing 2 linkages (uniformity) and using the quality of the goods whose value is the value, combating counterfeit products”). 1. Generating process: exchanges of incidentally expanded goods in the medium of general equivalents on the fixed gold and silver of the general equivalent, the currency produces two meanings: a fixed commodity that is separated from the commodity as a general equivalent. Currency 3, nature: general equivalent (expressing the value of all other goods, acting as a medium for commodity exchange). Basic functions: value scales, means of circulation, other functions: storage instruments, means of payment, world currency [with special attention] comparison of three functions value scales: the expression of money and the function of measuring the value of all other commodities, the notional currency (single). Means of circulation: currency functions as a commodity exchange medium, real currency, hand-in-hand, hand-in-hand delivery. (commodities flow: currency-mediated exchange of goods, commodity-currency-commodity. Means of payment: with the emergence of a trade in merchandise, the purchase of credit and the separation of money. E. G., credit, debt repayment. 1. Generating: foundry notes (means of circulation, means of payment) issued by the state (or in certain areas) with less than their value. (whether or not the currency is in dispute) iii, paper currency 3, circulation: the amount of money required in circulation = total commodity prices / number of currency flows = (total goods to be sold x total prices) / number of currency movements - 1
