Beidou retardor: unforgettable shame of the taiwan sea of 96... (reproduced)
Beidou retardor: unforgettable shame of the taiwan sea of 96... (reproduced)
Mad military 06-24 12:20
One--
The shame of taihai
In 1996, the taiwan “referendum” triggeredThe taiwan crisisNearly 40 united states warships entered the waters of taiwan, and sla intends to deter the parties with large-scale military exercises。
This is the biggest military show since the beginning of the country, when young people watched the news agency sorely boiled, but now look back at the 96th military show, which, objectively speaking, is a little "cool":
In another time, when the military modernization of the mainland had just begun, the army could still do it, and some would have done it, but the navy and air force almost did。
Sixty-three surface tanks and 77 amphibious armoured vehicles that could be a live target once the beach hits
The air force is also the soviet second-generation aircraft, which is seriously fewer than a few dozen, and the navy does not have a modern destroyer and the type-052 missile destroyer。
Owing to the lack of landing vessels, a number of civilian vessels were requisitioned to participate in the exercises and even joined the first landing team。
However, it is good that we also have the killer — the second gun — now known as the “east wind express” by our friends, the world-wide bolder east wind long-range missile, which is the most feared weapon on all sides, but the second gun that we are proud of, which has caused us great humiliation。
When grandma fired three missiles at the eastern sea near taiwan, the first missile was precisely targeted, but the second and third missiles were suddenly untraceable immediately thereafter, eventually leading the missile to deviate hundreds of kilometres from its original landing point。
The reason for this is that the u. S. Military's manoeuvres on gps parameters led to missile fire bias, and it also shut down gps signals over china, making it impossible to detect american ship movements。
This is not the first time that the united states has dealt with the gps, and it is natural that the chinese crew does not agree with the 1994 galaxy incident, when the united states accused the chinese cargo ship galaxy of transporting to iran raw materials for the manufacture of chemical weapons. But there is no other way to disagree. The united states forces cut off the gps signal and the galaxy had to stop and wait for the united states to board and inspect the ship。
In succession, china has decided that independent and autonomous satellite navigation systems must be established, regardless of the cost。
Two--
Beidou one
China actually has its own navigation system, and it has a very nice name -- beidou。
Twenty-six years ago, in 1985, formally introduced by chen yun fong, a member of the college of central sciences, in 1989 chen yun fong first demonstrated the “satellite positioning system” with two satellites, which was the prototype of the later beidou i system。
In 1994, work on the beidou navigational experimental satellite system was approved by the state, facilitated by sun tong, a member of the central college of science and technology, and shen yongjun, then deputy director of the national defence commission。
But it's not easy to really develop a navigational system, and not only was there money, but the greater difficulty was technology。
At that time, the western countries had imposed a severe technical embargo on china in almost all areas of high technology, and nine categories of high technology, including military, civilian and military electronics, computers, sensors and new materials, had been banned。
In 2000, in the context of the technological blockade and underfunding, beidou launched two satellites to become the third country in the world to have an autonomous satellite navigation system, following the united states and russia。
It must be acknowledged, however, that the gap between the beidou and the gps remains significant: beidou i has a 20-metre positioning accuracy, provides only vague positioning, timing and does not measure speed. Such a beige does not only have no advantage in the commercial sphere (gps can be used globally free of charge), but also has limited value in the military field。
This is clearly unsatisfactory and autonomous r & d is too slow。
- three--
Galileo
In addition to beidou, there are three major navigation systems in the world: the united states gps system, the russian glounas system and the european galileo system。
Galileo is the global satellite navigation system for europe. In order to reduce reliance on the united states gps system, the galileo plan was introduced in europe in 1999 and the eu formally approved the launch of its own galileo project in 2002。
However, since europe was experiencing a financial crisis at the time, the galileo plan was not progressing well, and the united states did not want europe to have its own satellite navigation system, which was certainly an obstacle。
Against this background, the european union turned its eyes to asia and decided to include china in the galileo initiative that had been launched. China became the first non-eu participant in the galileo project。
With the signing of a technical cooperation agreement in central europe in 2004, china had committed a substantial sum of euro230 million, and the first sum of euro70 million would soon be available。
This is in the interest of both parties, not only in providing china with free positioning, navigation and timing services, but also in enabling it to learn advanced navigation techniques to help its beidou system。
Soon, however, the project ran aground, europe went back to the united states, and the 70 million euros invested by china went down, in a simple word, by the eu。
This demonstrates that it is not viable to rely on others for critical technologies and that it is essential to develop research and development on its own。
- four--
Beidou ii
In 2004, following the breakdown of cooperation with galileo, beidou ii was put on the agenda。
Inverted, the satellite needed a legitimate frequency orbit in the sky, when the frequency of applications for cooperation between china and europe was about to expire and the satellite had to be launched before it expired。
It must be done by may 2007。
At this time, europeans have stepped in and announced a ban on the sale of the core equipment of navigation satellites — atomic clocks — without which there is no calibration time and navigation satellites are largely useless。
By no means, beidou had to coordinate the three teams of middle school, space science and technology and space scientists, while at the same time attacking customs and advancing simultaneously in basic theory, materials and engineering. In the end, two years later, an atomic clock was successfully developed on a national planet。
In early april 2007, in the last days before the frequency lapse, the satellite was transported to the launch base and placed on the launch tower。
The launch was successful, and at 8 p. M. On 17 april, a dozen user receiver interfaces jumped suddenly and the beidou satellite finally sent the first set of signals。
Following the resolution of the orbital problem, the beidou entered the open mode and, by the end of october 2012, the beidou ii system had officially completed its network and became operational after the release of 16 satellites. In 2009, when the second beidou ii satellite was launched, beidou iii was also launched。
The last beidou network satellite launched yesterday was the 32nd beidou iii satellite and the 55th beidou global group network satellite. Thus, the entire beidou series launched 59 satellites。
In 26 years, a web of roads was woven and the beidou system was finally made。
Future applications
The essential part of the beidou system is to safeguard the military, but the most extensive applications are certainly civilian。
For example, transport, mobile positioning, personal navigation, air and sea transport, unmanned driving, shared bicycles ... Are still widely used。
The beidou system, which had previously been crucified, had been developed independently and was expected to be conquered in the future。
SaluteChinese technologyMan, that's it。
