Chapter vi. Generation and development of information and communication services
Ips is an important channel for social information flows and an important source of information for the various media and for many businesses, often referred to as a news pool and a major artery for news。
The means by which ips disseminates news are: (a) used by the press, radio and television; (b) direct transmission of text, pictures, images or other information to subscribers。
Section i. The birth and competition of the first news agencies
In the middle of the nineteenth century: the industrial revolution brought about a leap forward in the economy. The recent press has grown significantly, with newspapers beginning to focus on news. The rise of telecommunications has provided material conditions for the creation of news agencies。
The first news bulletins were created: havas of france, wolff of germany, reuters of england, new york port news of the united states。
Hawas news agency: born in paris in 1835. It was the first successful news agency in the world. The founder, havas, was the first person to use the word agence in a news agency。
Wolff news agency: 1849, the founder of the german news and communications industry。
Reuters: founded in london, united kingdom, 1851. The initial business was financial, and it was not until seven years before it was extended to the press. The faw war was the first time that world news was transmitted in parallel with events. Lincoln was assassinated and reuters covered the incident two days in advance of all european media. In the 1960s and 1970s, expansion began along the british empire's path。
From port news to associated press: the port news agency was officially formed in january 1849. Eight years later, the new york joint news agency was merged with the telecommunications and general news agency. In 1892, the western united news agency established an independent company, known as the united states associated news agency。
Quadripartite agreements: since the 1950s, there have been bilateral agreements between the hawas, wolf and reuters news agencies for stock exchanges. Agreement to exchange information and to define the scope of information to be disseminated in each country. The latter operations were transnational in nature and, in recognition of the fait accompli and the respective areas of monopoly, the allied coalition agreement was signed on 17 january 1870. The agreement is dominated by three major news agencies, and the new york united news agency of the united states, while also involved, cannot be inserted outside the united states。
Since its inception, news agencies have been closely linked to the political and economic needs of the country's bourgeois classes。
Section ii: the evolution of the pre-20s
At the beginning of the twentieth century, two new news agencies emerged in the united states: the united press (scripps, 1907)。International public informationSociety (1909, herst group)。
Germany: intersputnik
Tas: the first socialist news agency in the world. On 10 july 1925, the union of soviet socialist republics (ussr) telecommunications agency was established to oversee the press throughout the country. Responsible for the collection and dissemination of information throughout the soviet union and abroad. A monopoly on domestic press releases. There are also numerous branches and journalists abroad. Copies are also sent abroad, moving gradually towards international news agencies. This is an important breakthrough in the pattern of bourgeois news agencies monopolizing world news markets。
Section iii developments in the late twentieth century
United international: 1958, merger of united states and international。
Agence france-presse: organized in september 1944, an official agency. In january 1957, the french parliament adopted a bill re-establishing the legal status of agence france-presse as an independent public enterprise。
Russian news agency: organized with the collapse of the soviet union。
Section iv. Status of information and communications services
International news agency: also known as world news agency. They gather and publish news worldwide, have branches or correspondents in many countries, and send a large number of copies to subscribers worldwide. Main international news agencies: associated press of the united states, united states international, reuters of the united kingdom, agence france-presse, russian news agency of russia, xinhua of china, german news agency, ansar of italy, effie of spain, japan. The first five are called the five major news agencies。
National news agencies: the collection and dissemination of national news is generally the main focus. Foreign news is ordered from international news agencies。
There are three types of national news agencies: one national, known as the national news agency, which is mostly official; two local; and three professional。
At the end of the twentieth century, there was a clear trend towards expanding the reach of the world's news and communications services: both in general and by individuals in a news agency. The most promising business: 1 economic information; 2 radio and television news (video news)。
Key news agencies:
Associated press: a cooperative enterprise made up of members. Headquarters in new york. Communications are global. Texts are sent in six languages. The associated press has a global reach, including terrestrial lines and satellite transmissions。
United nations international: commercial corporation, new york。
Reuters: general service, london. Communications are mainly abroad, with six branches. Press releases are mainly international news, including general and economic information. The number of subscribers spread throughout the world. Reuters also operates a variety of economic operations。
Agence france-presse: headquarters in paris. Government agencies charge 55 per cent of the funding。
Russian news agency: official news agency, inherited from tas in the former soviet union. In january 1992, tas and the soviet news agency were merged under the government of russia. There is also a national news agency in russia, the russian news agency, which is established as a state-owned enterprise。
Ansar news agency: italy. Operational features of the news: political reporting emphasizes objectivity and impartiality. 2 focus on reporting by developing countries。
Efe news agency: spanish-speaking news agencies of medium size。
Community: news agency in japan, semi-official。
Interchange news: founded in rome in 1964. It is not a national news agency, but an international cooperation organization of american and european journalists. The idea was to establish a news bridge between latin america and europe, with the aim of strengthening coverage of the third world and changing the imbalance in the dissemination of information in the world。
Middle east news agency: egyptian national news agency. It is now the most influential news agency in the arab world。
Inter-american news agency: national news agency of argentina。
