# jiachu headline #
1 december 2025 is the 38th world aids day. This year's campaign, entitled “systems, innovation and the end of aids”, aims to raise awareness of the importance and long-term nature of the fight against aids and to further promote the shared responsibility of all sectors of society in the fight against aids, strengthen the search for innovation in the fight against aids and advance the quality of the fight against aids, based on the lessons learned and the typical practices of effective prevention and treatment。
I. What is aids
Aids, fully known as acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). It is a vicious epidemic with a very high mortality rate caused by hiv, the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)。
Experts at the sundong hospital, affiliated with hunan teachers university, have warned that when hiv enters the human body, cd4+t lymphocytes, which are the main cause of death, are gradually reducing resistance, causing many complications that are difficult to cure and leading to death。
Ii. How aids is transmitted
1. Sexual transmission
This is the world's leading route to aids. The more sexual partners, the more likely they are to become infected with aids。
2. Blood transmission
Blood transmission is the most direct route to infection. The importation of virus-contaminated blood and the use of blood-contaminated syringes, acupuncture needles and tooth extraction tools without strict sterilization are dangerous。
3. Mother-to-child transmission
Hiv-positive mothers may transmit the virus to their babies during pregnancy, childbirth or breastfeeding。
Iii. The clinical manifestations of aids
At the initial stage of the hiv infection, patients may suffer from the following symptoms: heat, throat pain, lymphoid swollenness and fatigue, similar to common flu; possible red or purple spots, rashes or rashes on skin; headaches, muscles and joint pain. It is easy to ignore, and this period is known as “the acute hiv infection period”。
As the time of infection and the number of viral infections increases, the immune system is gradually being severely damaged, resulting in opportunistic infections and tumours。
Iv. Aids prevention
Prevention of blood transmission:
1. Drug use is strictly prohibited and syringes are not shared。
2. No unauthorized blood transfusions or use of blood products shall be used under the direction of a doctor。
3. Do not borrow or share personal effects such as toothbrushes, razor blades or razors。
To avoid direct contact with the body fluids of aids patients and to cut off their transmission。
Preventive means of dissemination:
1. To minimize participation in alcohol-based gatherings and to avoid “drinking out of control” behaviour。
Avoid receiving tobacco, beverages, etc. From people who are not familiar with them, as they may contain drugs of addiction。
3. When engaging in sexual activity, the correct use of condoms is necessary to avoid hiv infection。
Testing and treatment:
When hiv enters the human body, it cannot be immediately detected, which is called a window period, with a window for antibody testing of 4-12 weeks and a window for nucleic acid testing of 1-4 weeks. Antibodies can be detected four weeks after most infected persons are at high risk of behaviour, if negative results can wait 8-12 weeks to be tested. In general, hiv infection is excluded if no more high-risk behaviour or antibodies are detected within 12 weeks。
The value of treatment: timely antiretroviral treatment reduces the load to an untested level, significantly reduces the risk of transmission and increases life expectancy. In the event of high-risk behaviour, the risk of infection can be significantly reduced by taking drugs off within 72 hours, with the best effect in two hours。
Henan's doctor's contract author: xuandong hospital, hunan teacher's college
