Artificial influence on the weather is an activity aimed at increasing rain (snow), hail, rain, fog, etc. Through manual intervention in the physical processes of the local atmosphere. However, manual weather interventions are not random, but are carried out under appropriate conditions. Are current atmospheric conditions suitable for operations? How to determine the appropriate timing and scope of operations? How does the operational force command the movement? Today, these issues can be effectively addressed through “eyes” in conjunction with “centre systems”, i. E. Modern monitoring tools and operational systems。
Man-made weather monitoring operations are generally based on our ground-based automated meteorological stations and integrated meteorological observation systems consisting of radar, satellite, sounding stations, etc. With the modernization of meteorological detection, a number of cloud precipitation observation instruments, such as the x-band double oscillation radar, cloud radar, laser radar, microwave radiometer, wind profile radar, etc., have been added to the manual weather impact operational applications。
Observation of cloud microphysical structures can be achieved using special observation equipment for cloud precipitation. For example, in the ground-based observations segment, cloud radars can observe cloud conditions without precipitation; laser radars can monitor the distribution of tropospheric aerosols, combined with cloud radars to determine characteristics such as cloud heights; microwave radiometers can detect the distribution of water vapours in vertical atmospheric columns; and wind profile radars can detect the distribution of wind, thus identifying irradiation and rising air currents suitable for catalytic operations. In a presentation by xiao feng, a researcher at the centre for artificial impact of weather of china's meteorological administration, “there are more than a dozen special cloud observation devices at the xinshan cloud mist experiment station that can be observed at the concentration of particles in aerosols, cloud drops, rain drops, etc., on a full scale scale. We can learn about the structure of cloud precipitation and, on this basis, improve cloud precipitation catalytic techniques or conduct catalytic impact assessments.” in the space-based observation component, thanks to the manual weather impact capacity-building efforts in the north-east and north-west regions of the country, observations of cloud precipitation particles, etc., can be made before and after operations, through catalytic operations such as new ark 60 and aerial kings, as well as the carrying of specialized detection equipment on board aircraft. In addition, the use of drones is a new direction for future artificially influencing weather monitoring. The drones have the advantage of flying at high altitudes, mobility, flexibility and the ability to operate in complex and dangerous terrain environments. In the space-based observations segment, wind cloud satellites can be used to achieve the monitoring of six types of artificial cloud characteristic parameters affecting weather cloud height, cloud top temperature, optical thickness, etc。
At the manual weather impact demonstration base, multi-band, multi-band radars such as full solid state, continuous wave, phase-control arrays, etc. Were studied in depth, and operational-oriented applications were developed and joint observations using different band radars were used to reveal continuous changes in cloud precipitation processes. In addition, research and development and application product testing based on cloud satellite and radar cloud characterization monitoring are ongoing. The development of modernity detection and artificially influenced weather applications adequately captures the typical characteristics of artificially influenced weather experiments and precursors。
If the visible monitor is the “eyes” of artificial influence on weather operations, then artificial influence on weather operations is its “centre system”. It allows for the timely aggregation of all types of meteorological monitoring and forecasting information, comprehensive analysis, diagnosis and identification, the development of scientific operational programmes, the timely transmission of accurate operational instructions to operational aircraft and ground operations, and the provision of safeguards for the conduct of scientific operations。
The manual impact operating system consists mainly of cloud support based on a large meteorological data cloud platform, the analytical processing of various modes of forecasting and observation products, the production and distribution of decision guidance products, integrated ground command of aircraft, post-operational effects testing analysis and operational safety controls. Its construction focuses on key technical results such as cloud macro micro-reference model forecasts, cloud catalytic numerical simulations, cloud characterization monitoring inverted products and effects tests based on wind cloud satellites, assessment methodologies related to the operational guidelines for the assessment of the effects of artificial rain (snow) operations, physical networking, and the construction of high-performance aircraft. For example, in july 2017, the cloud precipitation model forecast system (cpefs), which was developed by the centre for manual impacts on weather, became operational. It can provide, twice a day, forecasting products such as cloud macro microfields, cloud vertical structures, precipitation fields and so forth, in eight regions and 3 km resolution across the country, to provide effective support for artificially influencing the analysis of operational conditions and the preparation of operational plans。
In recent years, with the modernization of weather operations, we have largely established efficient manual weather-impact business processes and integrated operational systems. In the future, the development and development of the operational systems will be closely structured around the transformation of high-quality manual weather impacts, based on the “cloud-end” architecture of the large meteorological data cloud platform, the establishment of an integrated, intelligent, manual weather-impact integrated operational platform for deployment at the national and provincial levels, for applications at the municipal and county levels, and the overall support of seven real-time operations, such as outlooks, forecasts, monitoring, command, operations, assessments, security, etc., based on the continuous and iterative engineering of the various regions of the weather。
