As a well-known drug, tianma has the effect of venomizing the liver and providing pain relief, and market demand has increased over the years. Its cultivation techniques have matured over the years, but because of their special growth characteristics, they are more environmentally and managerially demanding. The following is a systematic method of sterma cultivation, which covers the full process of site selection, bacterial cultivation, field management and harvesting processing。
I. Environmental selection and preparation of plots
It is a rotting plant, with no roots and no leaves, that relies on the honey circulus for nutritional growth. The location shall be subject to the following conditions:
1. Altitude requirements: 800 - 1800 metres of mountainous areas are desirable, and the practice in the production areas of yunnan, zhoun, guizhou, etc., shows that high altitude leads to longer growth cycles, while too low affects quality。
2. Soil characteristics: good for loosely ventilated sandy soil, ph 5. 5-6. 5. Land that is anti-grass or adhesive requires 30 centimetres before planting and debris removal。
3. Sequestration conditions: 70 per cent luminous under natural forests and high cost but easy to manage by hand. The farmers in sihan used the "polypolypoly" model, using walnut trees to hide their shades and achieve double returns。
Ii. Key techniques for fungi breeding
The honey circulus mass, which directly determines the yield of sterilism, requires three months of preparation:
1. Bacteria selection: certified strains such as gim5. 27 are recommended and wild bacteria need to be separately purified. The 2024 experiment at the agricultural institute of hubei yichang city showed that high-quality bacteria could increase production by 40 per cent。
2. Bacillus treatment: select hard wood, such as argon trees, to be cut to 50 cm and surface to be cut off to increase the inoculation surface. Five kilograms of bacterial branches (1 - 2 cm in diameter) per cubic metre of wood are required。
Pumping methods: using a layering method, five centimetres of humid leaves per layer are laid, wood and fungus branches are rotated and finally covered by 10 centimetres of corrosive soil. Maintain about 60% humidity and culture at 18-25°c。
Scientific planting practices
1. Leach selection: plasma (weight 5-20 g) is the best seed source and needs to be free of disease and full of buds. In 2025, the new species of tianemu 2, which was promoted in the sichuan tunjiang district, increased the bioalkali content by 15 per cent over traditional varieties。
The planting time is spring (march-april) and winter (november) and the temperature is stable at 10°c or more. Yunnan li river uses the technique of "wrong seeding" to achieve year-round harvests。
Cultivation methods:
Pipe planting: digging pits of 1 metre long, 60 cm wide and 30 cm deep, laying 2 cm sand on the ground floor, placing bacteria at a distance of 5 cm, placing the smelting scavenger “fish pockmarks” and 10 cm in the ground。
Boxing: a hole in the bottom of a plastic box, which is layered according to the same principles and suitable for garden cultivation. The innovative "stereo-boxing" model of jilin yanbyon has tripled space utilization。
Detailed management elements
1. Water control: soil content is maintained at 40-50 per cent and drainage is observed during the rainy season. Anhuyashi county developed an "intelligent seepage system", which automatically regulates humidity through soil sensors。
Temperature control: the temperature is maintained at 20-25°c at 10 cm below ground level, cooling of the summer covered straw and freezing of the winter membrane. Gansu nan has built the sunshine house shack to produce four seasons of controlled cultivation。
3. Pest and pest control:
Termite control: 5% chlordane for soil treatment before planting
Prevention of decomposition: 50 per cent more than 800 times more liquid rooting at the onset of the disease
A rotational system with three-year intervals between the same plots and replanting
Collection and processing processes
1. Timing of harvest: the ricin (commodity ricin) is collected during the hibernation period (november-february of the following year), at which point the highest levels of ephedrine are found. Dejiang, guizhou, uses a "no damage detector" to determine maturity and to reduce loss and damage from excavation。
2. Process methods:
After cleaning, graded by size, over 150 grams can be sold for fresh products
Steam to the core (about 15 minutes) and dry to less than 12% water at 60°c
The traditional "sulphur fumigation" method has been eliminated, and modern use of vacuum drying technology retains active ingredients
Vi. Innovative cultivation patterns
1. Tinma-bee complex systems: using the cymph period to attract bees while increasing peri-crop pollination rates, the chongqing wulong pilot shows a 28 per cent increase in aggregate returns。
2. Networking monitoring of goods: the establishment of a "5g+tima" base in yunnan province to monitor soil parameters in real time through sensors, and remote warning of abnormalities by mobile phone app。
3. Biocultivation under forest: ichun, heilongjiang, uses the three nos. (no fertilisation, no drugs, no flipping), with a product premium of two times that of conventional cultivation。
Attention
1. Impediments that are subject to rotation with grass-roots crops
2. Sources need to be purchased from formal sources, and in 2024 the national drug control agency investigated several cases of counterfeit seedlings
3. Timely recharge of bacteria following harvesting to maintain soil microbial balance
It is now moving towards intellectualization and standardization. Data from the china chinese drug association show that while the area under national cymbal cultivation exceeded 600,000 acres in 2025, the supply of high-quality commodities remains short of demand. Growers need to focus on quality upgrading and improve product competitiveness through gap certification. It is recommended that starters test small areas, acquire technology before scaling up, and receive specialized technical support for training programmes organized by the ministry of agriculture and rural development。
