From the mba think tank encyclopedia (https://wiki. Mbalib. Com/)
Project
The term project was first introduced in chinese in the 1950s and refers to a one-time mission with clear objectives under certain constraints (mainly time- and resources-fixed)。
Projects are one thing, a unique task, and can be understood as the intended purpose to be achieved within a certain time and budget. The project focuses on the process, and it is a dynamic concept, for example, that we can regard the process of building a highway as a project, but not as a project itself. So what kind of activity can you call a project? The organization of a performance; the development and presentation of a new product; the planning of a wedding; the involvement and implementation of a computer system; the modernization of factories; the hosting of a meeting; and so on can be called projects。
Distinction between project and day-to-day operations
If the project is not specific, project management loses its raison d ' être. Then look at the specificity of project management and how it differs from day-to-day management。
The project is fundamentally different from day-to-day operations. The project is a unique task, and daily operations are a continuous, recurring and repetitive exercise, such as the daily production of cakes by food factories and the daily delivery of newspapers by mailman。
In order to better understand the content of the project, the difference between the project and its day-to-day operations can be further understood from the table below。
Basic features of the project
The project has several typical features:
One-time
This is the greatest difference between projects and day-to-day operations. Projects have a clear start and end time, never before, and will never happen again under the same conditions, and daily operations are endless or repetitive activities。
2. Uniqueness
Each project has its own characteristics and each project is different from the others. The products, services or tasks produced by the project differ in some respects from similar products, services or tasks already in place. The project itself has specific time limits, costs and performance quality requirements. The project process therefore has its own uniqueness。
3. Clarity of objectives
Each project has its own clear objectives and, in order to achieve them under certain constraints, the project manager must plan carefully before the project is implemented. In fact, all the work done in the course of the project is carried out for the intended objectives of the project。
4. Provisional and open organization
The project organization needs to be established at the beginning of the project, the membership of the project organization and its functions will constantly change during the implementation of the project, and the project organization will be dissolved at the end of the project, so that the project organization will be temporary. The fact that a project often requires the collaboration of several or even hundreds of units, combined through contracts, agreements and other social links, shows that the project organization does not have strict boundaries。
5. The irreversibility of consequences
The project is subject to greater uncertainty, and its process is gradual and carries risks. It was not like there were things that could be tried or failed, that is, the project was irreversible。
Project-related terminology
1. Large projects (program)
It is usually composed of several interrelated or similar projects, and manages, in a coordinated manner, a cluster of projects, also known as the cluster of projects, in which benefits are not available to individual projects. For example, the three gorge hydrology project is a project cluster consisting of several projects. Large-scale projects are usually particularly large and have a considerable duration. Large projects have the same characteristics as projects and may also include operational components。
Project
It is part of a large project。
Subproject
It is a smaller and more manageable part of a project. Sub-projects have the same characteristics as projects and are generally considered projects, usually a module outsourced to an outside enterprise and managed as projects。
Sub-projects are often subcontracted to external contractors or other functional units in-house. The following are some examples of the sub-projects:
Relationship between large-scale projects, projects and sub-projects: a large-scale project could include a large number of projects and some operational management, a project could include several sub-projects, which are the smallest part of its implementation. The relationship between large projects, projects and sub-projects is illustrated in the following figure:
Note: in some areas of professional engineering, terms such as large-scale projects, projects, sub-projects are not used directly, but are often used in terms specific to them. For example, in construction works, the relationship between individual, unit and branch works is the same as that between large projects, projects and sub-projects. It is therefore understood that the relevant concepts should be applied flexibly in the context of specific work and that the relationship between professional terminology and related concepts in project management in different areas of work should be understood。
From "https://wiki. Mbalib. Com/wiki/%e9%a1%b9%e7%e7%ae"
