Strawberry planting techniques and methods include, inter alia, planting time, field selection, ground fertilization, planting, watering, fertilization strategy, membrane cover, locking time, temperature regulation, moisture regulation, manure management, ventilation, flowering period management, supplementary pollination and plant management, maturity characteristics and post-harvest management。
First, in terms of planting time, strawberries in greenhouse sheds are usually scheduled from august to september of each year, starting in late november, until the ripening of strawberries in march to april of the following year; and strawberries planted in open areas should be planted from march to april of each year, with maturity from june to july, after which they can be harvested。
Second, when selecting a field, strawberry plantations should select a slightly higher and flat ground area, ensuring that the land is fully drained and irrigated, with sufficient sunlight, that the soil is organically rich, has good water retention and ventilation, and that ph is weak or neutral to ensure soil fertility. The crops of the previous season were suitable for vegetables, beans, melons or wheat, and their cultivation helped to maintain soil fertility。
This was followed by whole-field fertilization, the thorough removal of weeds from the fields, ensuring the cleanness of the land, the application of fully decomposed organic fertilizers, the application of approximately 5,000 kg per acre, and the addition of 50 kg of calcium perphosphate and 50 kg of potassium chloride as base fertilizer. Fertilizers are distributed evenly and are converted 30 to 40 cm deep to promote soil fertilization. When the land is levelled, a bed is made at a distance of 100 centimetres, with a surface width of 80 centimetres, a canal width of 20 centimetres, a canal height of 15 centimetres and a luminum length of not more than 20 metres。
At the time of planting, strawberry seedlings are directed to planting to ensure that bow backs are directed towards the side of the ditch and that the sequences grow in the same direction, which contributes to subsequent management. A strawberry seedling is planted in each den at depths so that the seedlings are not buried and the roots are not exposed. Rationally adjusted planting density based on the strength of strawberry seedlings and soil fertility. The fields of weak seedlings or slow-planted plants may be planted in dense areas of approximately 8,000 hectares per acre; fields of strong seedlings, early planting, soil fertility or membrane-covered techniques may be rareded at about 6,000 acres per acre, with a range of 50 cm x 20 cm。
Once established, the soil is fully humid. The water is distributed once in the morning and every night within one week of planting, and the soil is kept moist and contributes to the survival of strawberry seedlings. Thereafter, the soil is properly watered based on soil moisture and the soil is kept moderately humid for strawberry growth。
Strawberries are in high demand for fertilizers from planting to flowering. In addition to the application of base-based fertilizers, appropriate fertilizer needs to be replenished during the boom and early harvest periods, with 10 kg of strawberry-specific fertilizer or ammonium phosphate recommended per acre. Fertilisation is combined with irrigation and is applied in a ditch in the form of 200 times liquid fertilizer, which is more effective. For growing fields, the application of 0. 1-0. 2 per cent of potassium phosphate 2-3 times can also lead to increased production, but spraying is not generally recommended for flowering periods。
During strawberry harvests, the principle of the application of appropriate nitrogen and high-priority potassium phosphorus fertilizer should be followed and a reasonable fertilizer ratio maintained in order to achieve high yield and optimum efficiency. In order to promote the early ripening and increased production of strawberries, a 0. 012 mm thick black membrane cover, with better protection against grass and temperature than the white membrane, can significantly contribute to the early ripening and increased production of strawberries and improve the quality of fruit and the proportion of commercial fruit. The time frame for membrane coverage is 25-30 october, around 5 november, and between late november and early december, as required, to prevent freezing。
The strawberry latch starts at a suitable temperature of 25-28°c in the daytime and 10°c in the night, approximately 30 days after the start. The management of the flowering period is particularly critical, and there is a need to regulate temperature and humidity. The temperature in the flowering shed should be kept at 23-25°c during the day and 8-10°c at night. Strawberry flowers are open at a minimum temperature of 11. 7°c and suitable temperatures of 13. 8-20. 6°c. Too low temperatures can affect the fragmentation of flowers and, in turn, pollination. It should not be too wet in the flowering shed, and the relative humidity should be contained at around 40 per cent. They must be carried out in a timely manner, with the removal of high-level sub-flowers and weak flowers, the preservation of 7 to 10 healthy flowers, and the wiping of deformity, disease and small fruit, with the final retention of 3 to 5 fruit per platter。
Strawberry sprouts begin to grow, requiring the timely removal of leaves and excessive sprouts, in principle retaining up to two to three sprouts in addition to the main sprouts in order to maintain healthy sprouts. Strawberry maturity is characterized by the fact that it usually takes about 50 days from flowering to maturity in a solar greenhouse, but this time is significantly influenced by temperature. When the temperature is low, the fruit matures for a longer period of up to 60 days. Under the solar greenhouse conditions, even at optimal temperatures, strawberry maturity takes at least 40 days. The red colour of mature strawberry fruit surfaces, accompanied by strawberry-specific scents, is the main indicator of their maturity。
After the harvest of the first crop of strawberries, the field shall be cleared and the leaves, leaves and residues shall be removed. At that point, the second sequence began to take shape, and the management of flowers remained important and it was recommended that between three and five fruits be retained in each sequence. Since this period is characterized by a low temperature season, the sitting fruit is more affected by the temperature, and therefore deformed and diseased fruit should be removed, mainly from the berries. As the second bouquet matures at the end of december and the third bouquet begins to bloom, later management should be based on temperature changes, with emphasis on the management of fertilizers. With higher temperatures and increased evaporation of plant and soil moisture, a large amount of water soluble fertilizer, estimated at 4 kg per acre, should be pursued in conjunction with irrigation and fertilized through drip irrigation systems。
Early in march, as the temperature increases further, the vents should be increased and the ventilation time extended to maintain room temperature at approximately 25°c during the day and 8°c at night. Excessive temperatures can lead to smaller fruits and lower quality. When the temperature in the shed is above 5°c at night, ventilation and heating should be stopped. Late in march, the internal membrane should be removed in time to reduce the temperature in the shed。
By late may, the removal of the shroom film and the renovation of the shed had begun, in preparation for planting in the coming year. The greenhouse strawberries harvest usually lasts until the end of may。
These nuanced management measures ensure the healthy growth of strawberries, improve the quality of fruit, extend the harvest period and prepare for next season。
