Foreword
Cytokine, ck, as a signal molecule for cell genoculation, has very little in normality, and the sharp increase in the cytokine is an attack on its own organs when the immunocellular cells are over-activated by pathogens. In clinical studies on cytogens over the past 20 years, “cytogen storm (css)” has been raised by high frequency. From sars-cov in 2003, mers-cov in 2012 and covid-19 in 2020, clinical experts believe that css may be the last killer of the final stage of the ebola virus infection and the last straw to crush the new coronary disease。
I. Cyclastic storm syndrome, who is he
Css refers to the continuous activation and expansion of lymphocytes and megacorts caused by lymphocytes after microbial infections in the organism, and the rapid and large-scale occurrence of multiple cell factors such as tnf-α, il-1, il-6, il-12, ifn-α, ifn-beta, ifn-gamma, mcp-1 and il-8 in body fluids. Css is an overimmunisation of the organism against external stimulation and an important cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome and multi-organ failure. Its clinical characteristics are general inflammation, high iron-protein haematosis, hemodynamic instability and multi-organ failure, with a very high mortality rate. Not only could pathogen infections cause cytogenstorms, but the disease itself (regular diseases, blood diseases, resistance to host diseases), medical tumour treatments such as cart therapy and immunosuppressants could lead to cytogenstorms。
Cell-factor storm composite map
On 14 february 2020, the national board of health issued the new coronary virus heavy and dangerous pneumoconiosis treatment programme (preliminary second edition), in which the clinical early warning indicator for patients with severe illnesses states: “extraweekly haemorrhagic causes such as il-6 and c reaction protein increase”. On 19 february 2020, the national board of health and health issued the new coronary virus pneumonia treatment programme (sixth edition), in which clinical early warning indicators for patients with severe and serious illnesses refer to “the frequent rise in the inflammation factor for patients with heavy and dangerous diseases”. These clinical indicators show that in most cases of coronary virus infections, cytological storms play a key role in the transition from disease to serious and critical diseases. A paper published in the well-known journal, the lancet, shows that 41 new coronary virus infections were diagnosed in the first central south hospital between 16 december 2019 and 2 january 2020, with fatal “cell-factor storm” phenomena in its immune system, and that the icu group had significantly higher cell factors than the non-icu group。
Ii. Why is the cytogen storm so scary
Under normal circumstances, the immune system often activates the immune stress mechanism when an alien pathogen invades and changes its own cell aging. Immunocellular cells, while removing these harmful substances, release the irritant cytofactors (including interferant (ifn), white cell media (il), neoplasm necrosis (tnf), etc.) as a signal to increase the number of immune cells joining the war and form a positive reaction to the cascade. When the invasive pathogens are finally contained, the cytogens decrease, which reduces the inflammatory response。
When the immune system is over-activated due to infections, drugs, autoimmune diseases, too many cytological factors exacerbate inflammation and eventually result in cytological storms. At this time, a full-blown and uncontrolled immune system is tantamount to a suicide terrorist attack that strikes all cells, including pathogens, without distinction, leading to inflammation, multi-organ failure and even death。
Cell-caused storm causes organ failure and even death
Iii. How can the numeration of cell factors be achieved
Since cytogens may also be present in the body in the context of human health, the determination of overimmunisation requires a quantitative analysis of cytogens. The indicators of il-1 beta, il-2, il-4, il-5, il-6, il-8, il-10, il-12, il-17, tnf-α, ifn-α, ifn-gamma, etc. Are currently more commonly clinically available. Among them, il-6 is an important route for new coronary viruses to inflammation storms and expresses longer than other cell factors (tnf and il-1). As a result, il-6 is a very excellent css level projection and forward indicator。
Tests of cytogens include traditional enzymes immuno-sorption (elisa), chemical lighting, current microball technology testing (cba). Elisa methods are most common and cost-effective. However, it is less sensitive and can only be tested for one cell factor at a time. A liquid suspension chip luminex technology was subsequently developed on the elisa methodology to replace man-made operations, and multiple cytological factors were tested at a time through a double antibodies selection。
Summary of multifactor testing methods
Iv. Main product of cytogenology
Because of the extremely low content of the cytogens, high sensitivity and speciality cytogens are clinically needed。
1. Fluent cell meters
Flow-cellology works by conducting multi-parametric, rapid quantitative analyses of individual cells or other biological particles through antibodies at cell molecular levels. It can analyse tens of thousands of cells at high speed and can measure many parameters from one cell at the same time. It has the advantage of speed, precision and accuracy, and is one of the most advanced cell quantification techniques of our time. Flow-cell instruments are used mainly in clinical tests of external leukaemia, bone marrow and tumour cells, and are used in scientific research in such areas as lymphocyte immunometric analysis, cytological cyclical analysis, cell decay detection and cytological factors。
At present, products such as facscanto ii of bd, cytoflex of beckman, navios fluent cell analyser, etc., are mainly available on the market. In the united states, bd and beckman still account for the major share of the market for current cell meters. The high market share of domestic manufacturers is in the medical and eisenian species. In september 2018, the eisen biology was acquired by angeren。
Bd facscanto ii and beckman cytoflex flow cell analyser
2. Biological chip detection
The chip detector includes luminex liquid suspension chips, randox cell factor chips, etc. Luminex is currently at the forefront in the field of liquid chips. The liquid suspension chips, developed in the mid-1990s, are current cell technology, laser technology, digital signal processing technology, new biomolecule technology integrated with chemical technology, also known as xmap technology. Luminex is the world's first company to develop liquid suspension chips, and other well-known manufacturers, such as bio-rad, pe, qiagen and zeus, are promoting the technology platform, but are all partners of luminex, which sells the instruments on a sticker basis. The first company in the country to introduce the technology platform, perceive life, has successfully taken over the market by independently developing and launching multiple products based on the current fluorescent technology platform。
Biochips are based on the elisa (immuno-immuno-reaction) principle, using a combination of heart and competitive immunisation tests. A variety of special catch co-ordinates have been fixed in the intended independent detection area of the biochip, and the analytical material in the sample can be combined with the antigens of the spicy peroxide enzyme markers, adding a signal reagent to produce a light signal, and each chip of the cytogens template can quantify 12 different cytogens simultaneously as a set of indicators to evaluate the immune function of the organism, with potential application value. Randox langdo, evidence, a fully automated biochip tablet system, has a core technology, evidence biological chip, which contains 9 square millimetre solid substrates in an discrete detection area, and which simultaneously completes the quantitative detection of multiple subjects analysed in a patient sample. The completion of sample analysis is therefore faster and more efficient than the conventional laboratory analyser. In 2010, the nine powerful organisms acquired the authority of the rondao company evidence's evidence full-automatic analyser and biochip agents in the country, with full authority to promote, sell, service, etc. In the domestic market。
Luminex 200 liquid photochips and randox service investigator multianalyst biochip detection system
Concluding remarks
The determination of cytogens is of great importance in basic research in immunology, cell and molecular biology, revealing the mechanisms of disease development and guiding the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Research and analysis of cytogens can cut off induced access for researchers and clinical medical staff and can be positive in preventing the cytogen “fissiles” from producing a typhoid “storm”。
