Lead pen, video production: yu meijun
At the end of november, while fresh wild bacteria were becoming scarce, good truffles were available to foodrs. The famous truffle, along with foie gras and caviar, has been hailed by europeans as "three pearls" and as "star" food in western. However, it has a reputation as a “ table diamond” whose fate has fallen, and the path of the attack has been impressive。
Apple-sized bacteria, up to $15,000 per kilogram
At the beginning of winter, when truffles were heavily marketed, at yunnan's wild and wild fungus trading centre, various varieties of truffles were sold at prices ranging from 100 to 670 yuan per kilogram. In some online platforms, there are also fresh truffles, known as 18 hours of air express delivery, some with a brand of 250 grams at more than 260。
The vendor described the maturity of truffles, which would rise with quality, before and after winter until the second year of february. At present, the market has black truffles and white truffles, and prices vary widely according to size and maturity。
For the purchase of truffles, maturity can be identified by “check, smell, see”. For example, the fragrance of the fragrance, the heavy, the hard, the hard touch, is ripe。
In addition to black truffles like coal balls, white truffles from gonshan county in angry state are also very popular. White truffles are referred to as “white diamonds that can be eaten”, according to which white truffles smell 15 times as much as black truffles, and ripe white truffles are as big as apples and can be sold up to $15,000/kg when they are small。
In addition to the popularity of fresh truffles, the recent market for snacks has also seen the emergence of truffles. The fragrance of fragrance, sam's black truffles, and the black truffles of high-end chips are becoming new consumer pets at an alarming rate。
The inminthe global new product data show that truffles are one of the fastest growing winds in the food and beverage markets. During the past decade, new truffles have grown at an average rate of 51 per cent per year, ranking fifth in the contest for more than 1,700 windy elements。
From “european aristocrats” to “recreational snacks”, truffles have turned to the mass market。
Looks like a donkey's shit
Who the hell is truffle? In fact, truffles do not refer to a single species, but are a generic description of several edible fungi species under the pelvis. There are many kinds of truffles, especially white truffles in italy and black truffles in france。
The truffles, though unattractive and expensive, sat in the top three seats with caviar and foie liver, known as “the world's three rares”. In 2014, a piece of truffles called “the largest in the world”, white truffles (1. 89 kg) were auctioned in new york by air under the protection of bodyguards at a high price of $61. 25 million. In 2010, the king of gamblers, mr. Ho hong chong, shot two albabethons weighing 1. 3 kg for $330,000。
Interestingly, the rare truffles of the moon in europe, which are celebrated by the stars, are “twilighted in china”。
China's truffles, known as the “chinese crumbs”, are mainly located in yunnan, guizhou, sichuan and north-east, and are compassionately referred to by the local population as geisha-free and pig-chickella. In china, truffles can be taken to a fancy restaurant or sold in plastic bags, and can even be integrated into daily diets such as fried rice, steamed eggs, rice wires and hot pots。
The low viability of truffles is a kind of underground fungus that lives in a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship with trees such as pine trees, oaks, crumbs and scallops. They are of different sizes, some as small as beans, others as big as apples, rich in trace mineral elements, and of certain medicinal value。
The truffles just dug out, sort of like muddled potatoes, cut open, and you can see the maze of marble and ivory。
The fragrance of truffles is unique, as it tastes like gas-like male ketone and contains a chemical substance that stinks of feet - methyl-thiomethane, which is so strange that many people are above it。
The production of truffles is low, with global production of about 3 tons per year and black truffles of less than 200 tons per year。
Why is the truffle so rare? Most of the edible bacteria we can buy now can be grown in large amounts, but truffles are different. The truffles are seasonal, they grow, require specific host trees, suitable soil and climate, and are difficult to artificially cultivate。
The truffles form symbiotic relationships with the plant roots, and the truffles filamentate the host plant roots and grow with them to form bacterial roots and to form transvestite filaments. These microscopes are so thin that they can be seen to be nearly 100 metres in a spoon-sized earth。
The truffles are extremely demanding for the growing environment, and nutrients must be obtained through symbiotic relationships with the roots. As long as the surrounding environment changes slightly, truffle spores cannot grow。
In our country, truffles are mainly produced in the jinsha river basin, and are located within a 200-kilometre radius of yunnan yong-in county and sichuan climbing flowers, the main production area in china. Of these, the eastern county of sichuan climbing west is the first site to be found in china's truffles and the largest source of chinese truffles。
The pig's acreage. It's an insulation
The truffle, which is known as the “pork cactus” in my country, is an image of our folk. The sow's sense of smell is very sensitive and can smell the truffles buried 20 to 30 centimetres deep in the ground six metres away。
Studies have shown that black truffles contain a substance similar to male hormonal hormonal alpha-hexadecane, which transmits a odour that induces her to seek out, and are therefore referred to as “pig arches”。
Whatever it is, it's not a good thing to be arched by a pig, so why try to get a pig to be arched in the process of evolution? The answer is -- for breeding。
The truffle is essentially a mushroom growing underground. Unlike mushrooms released into the air, truffles rely on animals to feed them. When animals take out truffles, the fungi tissue is digested, while the fungi spores that they reproduce are able to pass through the digestive tract without any damage and excrete them with faeces, and studies have shown that the digestive process in animals also increases the survival of fungi spores。
Following the spread of fungi spores in truffles, they emerge in suitable symbiotic tree roots, which are combined with plant roots to form external bacterial roots, culminating in a friendly strategic alliance between the fungus providing water and inorganic matter to the trees, which provide carbohydrates。
Under the nourishment of the tree, truffles experience sexual maturing - producing the sub-entity (the truffle that we see) - fast growing the sub-entity - slow maturity of the sub-entity - formation of the cysts, and then lie silently in the dark ground of the forest, spreading a silky and tempting smell, waiting for the next small animal to arrive
In addition to boars, many mammals, including rodents, deer and primates, eat truffles to help breed。
From ancient rome, nutrient-rich truffles were a treasure on the table of european nobility. In china, however, truffles were not initially valued, or even treated as “pig feed” until near-modern, when they became visible as global demand for high-end bacterial products grew。
As an emerging producer of truffles, china has occupied an important place in global truffles in recent years. According to statistics, china accounts for more than 80 per cent of the world's black truffle production, with exports ranking first in the world。
The truffle hunter is right and wrong
As the price of the pig's bacterium has risen, the “drilling army” has been joined. In the mountains east of the winter, it is common to see people carrying hoops, carrying school bags, carrying kettles, walking in deep mountains, commonly referred to as truffle hunters。
The work of the truffle hunters is not easy and requires the search for black truffles in the dense forests with a wealth of experience and keen observation. Over the years, they have been able to determine the possible location of black truffles based on soil quality, topography, light, vegetation cover, precipitation, altitude, etc。
However, apart from nature's gifts, orderly mining of truffles is important. In some of the truffles, there was once a “grabbing” dig, and when the collectors found a place with truffles, they dug all the surroundings, regardless of the size of the truffles, maturity or even the roots of the trees, resulting in the death of all the bacterial cells on the roots of the trees, seriously affecting the breeding of truffles。
In order to protect the resources of truffles and achieve sustainable development, sichuan and yunnan have in recent years introduced successive policies to regulate the timing and size of their extraction. For example, the eastern county, capital of sichuan province, establishes a cut-off period for truffle resources from 1 march to 30 september each year. The guizhou wallowing market stipulates that the collection of truffles should take place after 1 december of each year and that only mature, light-drilling and collection below 2 cm in diameter should be prohibited. Yun-sung hua county provides for the period from 20 november to 30 march, and promotes the use of domesticated animals to assist in harvesting and prohibits collection and sale of premature truffles and predatory excavations。
Outside the country, truffle dogs have gradually replaced truffle pigs as the main force in the search for truffles. Trained canine species such as labrador and dax can help people collect truffles efficiently and without damage。
Be more aware
Black truffle, white truffle, who's more noble than who
Many do not understand the difference between black truffles and white truffles, apart from their colours
White truffles are more expensive
In fact, black truffles are not exactly the same as white truffles, both of which are very critical to the conditions of growth such as sunlight, moisture and soil alkalinity, but white truffles are more demanding to the environment and, in addition to being unable to plant artificially, are now found only in the northern part of italy, where the famous origin is the italian town of alba. Moreover, white truffles grow only between october and december of each year and, in addition to being more difficult to find than black truffles, have only been dug for about three days, making them more expensive. The maturity of black truffles is usually between november of each year and march of the following year。
It smells different
The smell of mushrooms, garlic, wet mud, honey, corn, insects, rotting leaves, etc., has been used to describe the smell of black truffles, and others have said that they are smelting of musk or unwashed sheets. It smells lighter than white truffles。
The smell of white truffles has been described as “unique.” an italian chef once described white truffles as utopia, “though it knows, it can't be drawn, it can't be seen, it can't chew, but it's close, it can't capture its essence”, and it smells between garlic and the best parma cheese。
White truffles are slightly gold, light brown and light brown, and are tanned or white. White truffles are smaller than golf balls, big like apples. And black truffles are called clots, with rough appearances, with dark brown and black colours ranging from gray to light black。
Different origin and price
The best black truffles originate in france, 80 per cent in provence, and finding the best white truffles is certainly not in northern italy or croatia。
The global production of white truffles is only about 3 tons per year and is known as white diamonds. It sells five to eight times as much as black truffles, with a price of between $2200 and $3,500 per kilogram。
The famous chef at a michelin tristar restaurant used to say that the relationship between black truffles and white truffles was like apples and pears. Black truffles are so rich that they can fragrance with a small amount, and white truffles, which tend to become more condensed, change their tastes, so that they must be eaten rawly, by cutting them into thin pieces with a professional knife, either on a dish or directly, so as to taste better the fragrance of white truffles of nature。
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