From the mba think tank encyclopedia (https://wiki. Mbalib. Com/)
Management
Management is a process of effective planning, organization, direction and control of the resources available to the organization in a given environment in order to achieve the stated organizational objectives。
Awareness of management should begin at the source of management, and the level of human civilization and its social nature have evolved to a certain stage. The administration was initially in the hands of officials who were known to be the officials in charge of all aspects of the affairs of the officials of the yellow emperor, “the officials in charge of the administration and the people in charge”. The term management emerged very early and could have been either verbs or nouns, such as “in the long run, the ministry of military affairs and the chief executive of the wukushi department for the management of martial arts”, in which the term verbs were used; and “in the south-east, there is the panghai tenge house, which was installed in september 27th year. There is also the internal and external administration and the bicha ii inspection division, within which internal and external management is termed official. Management and management means management and management, as in the waterworks, “now that i am in charge of the queen's landing, i don't know how long later”, and in the willow hallows, “in times of poverty, i go back to the streets to take care of my business”. Management means control, command, control, control, master, governance, governance, managers. In foreign countries, management in english is manage (verb), management (noun), which can mean management as well as managers。
Management can be translated into "management" or "management team" in addition to "management," understood as a function or a job. These are those who assume managerial responsibilities, depending on what they mean in the context and when they appear in the middle of a text。
Frederick winslow taylor, the “father of science management”, argues that “management is precisely what you want others to do and that he does it in the best way” (scientific management principles). To tyrol, management is the best way to direct people to work。
Nobel laureate herbert a. Simon defines management as “management is decision-making” (new science for management decision-making)。
According to peter f. Drucker: “management is a job, it has its own skills, tools and methods; management is an organ, a living, dynamic and dynamic organ that gives tissue life; management is a science, a knowledge that is systematic and applied everywhere; and management is a culture.” (managing — mission, responsibility, practice)。
After henri fayol gave the concept of management in his famous industrial management and general management, it had an impact throughout the century and had a significant impact on the development of western management theory. According to fayore, management is an activity of all human organizations, which consists of five elements: planning, organization, direction, coordination and control. Fajor's perception of management has been well received and recognized, and has formed a school of management processes. Koontz is the successor and promoter of the school after the second world war, making it a global phenomenon。
Stephen robbins defines management as the process of doing more effectively with or through others。
Regulation is not just business management, although the management of business enterprises is most common in modern market economies. In addition to business management, there are many types of management, such as administration, economic management, social management, urban management, health management, etc. Each organization needs to manage its services, resources and personnel. Enterprise management can be divided into several branches: human resources management, financial management, production management, procurement management, marketing management, etc. The management of enterprise systems can be divided into the management of enterprise strategies, business models, business processes, enterprise structures, enterprise systems, business culture, etc. At a time when the rule of law in a market economy is becoming increasingly important, a new school of management has emerged: that of the french industry。
Basic features of management
1. Governance as a cultural phenomenon
2. The subject of management is the manager
3. Mandate, functions and level of management
The scientific nature of management means, first and foremost, that effective management must be guided by scientific theory and methodology and that its objectives can only be achieved by following the general principles and principles of management and by following objective patterns inherent in the management activity itself. Secondly, the scientific nature of management is a science, a scientific system consisting of a range of concepts, principles, principles and methods, which is inherently structured. In other words, in the long run of human management activities, a number of fundamental principles, principles and methods of management have been summed up and abstracted by drawing lessons from the many successes and failures of management practices. These principles, principles and better methods reveal a series of management laws of universal application that are followed so that management activities can be significantly more efficient and organizational goals easily achieved。
The artistic nature of management refers to the skills and know-how of flexible application of management theoretical knowledge. The complexity of the management constituency and the variability of the management environment determine that management activities cannot have a fixed and universal model and that managers should combine the management theoretical knowledge gained with the creative application of the environment. In particular, the artistic nature of management is determined by two factors: first, the environment of management; and, second, the subjective dynamics and feelings of the person, the main subject of management. The subjective dynamic of the human person is reflected in the ability of the human person to think positively and to make behavioural decisions autonomously, unlike lifeless substances, and in the emotional nature of the human being. While there are certain patterns of emotional change, they are also the most uncertain and unpredictable. Different people may have very different responses and behaviours to the same management approach, which determines that management can succeed only if it addresses the practical problems it encounters, based on specific management objectives, management environments and management constituencies, creative application of management theoretical knowledge and skills。
Management is the unity of science and art. The scientific nature of management is the basis for the management of the arts, which requires the theoretical guidance of science, and the exercise of the arts of management is necessarily guided by scientific theory. Without the science of management, art becomes simple feelings and experience, it is difficult to achieve effective management without being a true art. The artistic nature of management is an improvement in the scientific nature of management, leaving the artistic nature of management behind, which becomes rigid and difficult to fulfil. For management theory is a general and abstract overview of a large number of management practice activities, with a high degree of principle, and each specific management activity is carried out in a specific environment and under specific conditions, with relative specificity. Only creative and flexible use of management knowledge can put theory into practice。
Purpose and essence of management
Management is a valuable and ethical tool that targets the work done by people, so managers must deal with people and they must face the good and evil of human nature, including themselves. The purpose and essence of true governance is to inspire and unleash the inherent goodwill and potential of people to create value for others, rather than to exploit the evils and weaknesses of humanity to manipulate and control them for the purposes of individuals and small groups. Thus, peter drook said that governance was the only alternative to dictatorship. For example, the "carrots and sticks" approach, although it may be temporarily effective for certain types of workers and certain types of work, is by nature a threat and inducement, which runs counter to the purpose of management and is therefore not true management. With the rise of intellectuals and the internet today, this approach is proving increasingly ineffective。
Management mandates and principles
The task of management is to design and maintain an environment in which people working in this environment can achieve their stated goals with as little expenditure as possible or with the maximum of available resources. The breakdown is broken down into four categories: constant outputs, reduced expenditures; same expenditures, increased outputs; reduced expenditures, increased outputs; and increased expenditures and increased outputs. Expenditure here includes the consumption of funds, manpower, time, materials, energy, etc. In short, management is based on the principle of “lower effort and greater success”, with the less resources invested and spent to achieve greater success and effectiveness。
Basic functions of management
Management functions are those performed by management. It is now most widely accepted that management is divided into four basic functions:
Fajor initially proposed to divide the basic functions of management into planning, organization, command, coordination and control. Later, there was a perception among scholars that staffing, leadership, motivation, innovation, etc. Were also managerial functions. The quest management function systematically divides management into nine main functions based on business processes, namely, objectives, planning, implementation, feedback, control and adaptation of six basic functions, and human, organizational and managerial functions。
The long-term management of an enterprise typically involves several levels of policy:
Management is meant to deliver more effectively, improve performance, respond more effectively to client needs and improve effectiveness, efficiency and effectiveness。
(i) administration: administration does not assume the task of defining its mission. It is intended to make existing operations more efficient, so it falls within the scope of management but is not equivalent to total management。
(ii) governance: governance is a management activity that directs and regulates only at the strategic level of fundamental values and the macro level. It is not involved in the management of day-to-day operations, so it also falls within the realm of management but is not equivalent to total management。
(3) leadership (leadership): a competent manager must be able to lead and inspire people by building a common vision and mission; in turn, a competent leader needs to have some managerial capacity, including some administrative capacity. The difference between the two is that when we refer to "management" it is aimed at the work done by people, and "leader" it is directed at people themselves, but there is no substantive difference between the organizations that exist for the collective work of people。
Peter druk. Modern management master druk
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