In the orientation and introductory course for beginners, the basic knowledge of fruit tree cultivation, we can describe in detail the growth cycle and stage of fruit trees in order to help beginners to better understand their growth processes。
Fruit tree growth cycle
The growth cycles of fruit trees can be divided into the following stages:
Hibernation: fruit trees go into hibernation in winter and growth and metabolic activity slows down. This stage is usually the best period for fruit tree trimping and winter irrigation。
Premature: the spring temperature rises and the fruit tree begins to germinate and gradually resumes growth activity. This is the beginning of fruit tree growth。
Flower period: the fruit tree begins to bloom as the temperature continues to rise. This phase is essential for pollination and the production of fruit. For starters, it is important to learn to manage and protect fruit trees properly at this stage。
Outcome period: after pollination the flowers begin to produce fruit. The fruits mature and need to be provided with adequate moisture and nutrients. This phase requires attention to pest prevention and fruit protection。
Harvesting period: when the fruit matures, it can be harvested. Learning to judge the maturity of the fruit is important for the newcomers in order to ensure the harvest of quality fruit。
Leaves fall: in autumn, fruit leaves begin to turn yellow and fall. This is the process of preparing fruit trees for hibernation. This phase allows for autumn fertilization and the provision of nutrient reserves for fruit trees during the winter。
1. 1. 2 fruit tree development phase
The developmental stages of fruit trees can be divided into the following parts:
Embroidery: the bud begins to grow until the blade is fully grown。
Fragmentation: the buds of the fruit trees begin to divide and are ready to bloom。
The growth of flowers: flowers mature and open。
Fruit development: fruits mature from small to large, including processes of expansion, maturity and color change。
The fruit matures: the fruit reaches its best food or distribution。
Understanding the growth cycles and stages of fruit trees is important for starters as it will help them better understand the growth needs of fruit trees and how they can be properly managed and conserved at different stages。
1. 1. 3 requirements for the fruit tree growing environment
It is also essential for newcomers to understand the environmental conditions in which fruit trees grow. The following are key factors:
Light: the fruit tree needs plenty of sunlight to be used for light cooperation and to promote the maturity of the fruit. It is therefore important to ensure that there is sufficient sunlight when selecting areas for fruit tree cultivation。
Climate: different fruit tree species have different climatic requirements. Newers need to understand local climatic conditions and choose fruit tree varieties adapted to local climate。
Soils: the requirements of fruit trees for soil also vary. In general, fruit trees require well-drained, fertile, moderately alkaline soil. Before planting fruit trees, it was important to understand the requirements of fruit trees and to improve them。
Water: fruit trees need a proper amount of water to grow and produce. Newers should learn the right water-watering techniques to ensure that fruit trees receive sufficient moisture while avoiding pest problems caused by overwatering。
1. 1. 4 methods of breeding fruit trees
It is also important for newcomers to understand the basic methods of fruit tree breeding. The following are some of the most common methods of breeding fruit trees:
Seed reproduction: the breeding of fruit trees by planting seeds in fruit. This method is inexpensive, but growing at a slower rate and the fruit tree may not be of the same quality as the parent tree。
Plug-in reproduction: by inserting branches of fruit trees into soil or other media. This method grows faster and the fruit tree quality is more consistent。
Inheritment and reproduction: the branches of one fruit tree species are given to the roots of another fruit tree species. This approach combines the advantages of two species, such as pest resistance, growth speed, etc。
Through the above presentations, newers can better understand the growth cycle, stage of growth, environmental requirements and breeding methods of fruit trees and provide a solid foundation for their own path to fruit tree cultivation. With these basic knowledge, newers can become more confident in their involvement in fruit-planting and continue to learn and accumulate experience in practice。
1. 1. 5 basic steps for fruit tree cultivation
In order to help newcomers better understand the whole process of fruit tree cultivation, we can outline the basic planting steps:
Site selection and land preparation: selection of well-soiled and well-drained plots, soil improvement according to the requirements of fruit trees. Ensure that planting sites are suitable for fruit tree growth。
Selection of suitable fruit tree varieties: selection of suitable fruit tree varieties according to local climatic and soil conditions. This will help increase the growth rate and quality of fruit trees。
Cultivation and planting of fruit trees: choose suitable methods of reproduction, such as seed breeding, adhesion or grafting. The seedlings of well-breeded fruit trees are planted on prepared land。
Water and fertilization: water and fertilization in due course, according to the growth phase of the fruit tree and weather conditions. This helps the fruit trees to thrive and improve their yields。
Pest and pest control: periodic examination of the growth of fruit trees and timely prevention of disease and pest signs. This ensures healthy growth of fruit trees and avoids loss of yield and fruit quality。
Shearing and plasticization: appropriate trim and plasticization of fruit trees to promote their growth and results. This has helped to improve the structure of fruit trees and reduce the incidence of pests and diseases。
• fruit eugenication and protection: appropriate eugenication during fruit growth to ensure the quality and production of fruit. Measures are also being taken to protect fruits from pests and natural disasters。
Harvest and storage: learn how to judge the maturity of the fruit and choose the right timing. The fruits are properly stored and processed to ensure their quality。
1. 1. 6 some recommendations and attention to fruit tree cultivation
In order to help starters to better grow fruit trees, a number of recommendations and attention are provided:
A better understanding of fruit tree varieties: an understanding of the characteristics, growth habits, pest resistance, etc. Of various fruit tree varieties helps to select varieties that are appropriate to their own needs and the environment in which they are grown。
Patience and care: fruit tree cultivation requires patience and care, especially in the areas of pest and pest control, and in the area of tailoring. Only by taking every detail seriously will it be possible to ensure healthy growth and harvest of fruit trees。
The institute observed and documented: during the planting of fruit trees, it observed the growth of fruit trees, timely detection of problems and appropriate measures. At the same time, records are established to draw lessons and lessons learned。
Focus on practice and learning: fruit tree cultivation is a very practical exercise. The continuous accumulation of experience in practice, together with the learning of relevant theoretical knowledge and technology, will enable the continuous improvement of fruit tree cultivation。
Exchange with others: exchange with other fruit tree growers and learn from each other. This will expand knowledge and enhance farming skills. In addition, cooperation can reduce planting costs and increase efficiency。
Through the above guidelines and recommendations, newers can be more confidently put into fruit tree cultivation。
Basic knowledge of fruit tree cultivation: basic structure and function of fruit tree
In order to help newcomers better understand the basic structure and functions of fruit trees, this section will describe in detail the various components of fruit trees and their role。
1. 1. 1 root systems
The root system is the foundation of the fruit tree, which absorbs moisture and nutrients, fixes the fruit tree and supports its growth. The roots are divided into root, side and musty. The main root is usually thicker and grows downwards; the side root is extended from the main root to the top of the soil; the root must be smaller, mainly responsible for absorbing moisture and nutrients。
1. 1. 2 personnel
The cadre is the backbone and branch of the fruit tree, which supports the whole structure of the fruit tree. The backbone grew from the ground and formed tree crowns upward. The branches are extended from the backbone into branches, side branches and fruit branches. The managers of fruit trees are responsible for the delivery of nutrients, moisture and plant hormones to support the growth of fruit。
1. 1. 3 fragments
The leaves are photocooperative organs of fruit trees that produce nutrients, release oxygen and regulate the water balance. The shapes and structures of the leaves vary according to the tree species of the fruit, but they usually include leaves handles, veins and the subject of the leaves. The leaves absorb solar light and turn carbon dioxide and water into glucose through light co-operation, providing energy for fruit trees。
1. 1. 4 flowers
Flowers are the reproductive organs of fruit trees and are responsible for the distribution of pollen and solids. The structure of the flowers includes flowers, petals, male and female. Mauric produces pollen, and she accepts pollen and produces seeds through fertilization. Fruit trees usually have beautiful petals and aromatic aroma that attract insects and other pollinators to help spread pollen。
1. 1. 5 fruit
The fruit is the fruit tree and usually contains seeds. The shape, size and colour of fruit vary according to the tree species, but they all serve to protect and disseminate seeds. When the fruit matures, it becomes soft, juicy and rich in nutrients, attracting animals to eat and thus helping to spread seeds。
By understanding the basic structure and functions of fruit trees, newers can better understand the various stages of their growth and provide a solid basis for subsequent planting and conservation。
1. 1. 6 the growth phase of fruit trees
The growth of fruit trees is divided into the following stages:
Premature: in spring, fruit trees begin to awaken from hibernation and new buds begin to grow. At this stage, fruit trees are in high demand for moisture and nutrients and require timely water and fertilization。
The flowering period: between the end of the spring and the beginning of the summer, the fruit trees bloom and the flowers bloom. At this stage, fruit trees need sufficient light and appropriate temperature to promote pollination of flowers and fruit formation。
Outcome period: the fruit begins to form after the flower has collapsed. The fruits grow and the colours and shapes change. At this stage, the demand for nutrients and moisture in fruit trees remains high, humid soil maintenance and regular fertilization。
Age of maturity: the fruit matures, the colour is bright, the fruit is juicy. At this stage, nutrient demand for fruit trees is relatively low, but water and pest control still require attention。
Harvest period: the fruit matures and can be harvested. In harvesting, attention is paid to the maturity of the fruit and the methods of harvesting in order to ensure its quality and taste。
Hibernation: in winter, fruit trees enter hibernation, growth slows down and prepare for the next growing season. At this stage, the demand for nutrients and moisture in fruit trees has decreased, but appropriate cutting and heating measures are still needed。
By understanding the stage of growth and development of fruit trees, newers can reasonably conserve and manage them according to their different needs, thus improving the quality and yield of fruit trees。
Basic knowledge on pest control
In order to help newcomers better cope with the pests and diseases that may be encountered during fruit tree cultivation, the book will also provide some basic knowledge on pest control。
7. 1 common fruit tree pests
Fruit trees may be exposed to various pests and pests during their growth, affecting their growth and yield. Common fruit-tree pests include aphids, mites, fruit flies, thories, moths, etc. In addition, fruit trees may be affected by pathogens (e. G. Fungi, bacteria and viruses) leading to disease in fruit trees。
7. 2 pest management approaches
Physical control: physical control of pests and pests, such as vermin lamps, cedars, worm nets, etc. Physical control methods are relatively environmentally friendly but have limited effect and are applicable to small-scale fruit tree cultivation。
Biological control: combat by using natural enemies of disease and pests, such as the freeing of insects such as wedges and insects. Biological control methods are environmentally sound and sustainable, but require some biological knowledge and skills。
Chemical control: pesticide use for pest control. The effects of chemical control methods are clear, but inappropriate use may cause harm to fruit trees and the environment. Pesticides are used in accordance with the relevant regulations and are discontinued for some time before harvest to ensure the safety of the fruit。
Integrated treatment: combining physical, biological and chemical approaches to prevention and treatment, with different interventions depending on the actual condition of the fruit tree and the type of pest. Integrated approaches can improve the effectiveness of responses and reduce environmental impacts。
7. 3 elements for pest control
The key to combating pests and diseases is timely detection and treatment. During fruit tree growth, the leaves, branches and fruits of fruit trees are regularly examined and signs of disease and pests are detected and immediate measures are taken。
The prevention and control of pests and diseases needs to be tailored to the local climate and pest types。
Rational application of fertilizing, watering and trimping to maintain healthy growth of fruit trees can increase their resilience to pests and diseases。
Maintenance of the sanitation of orchards and timely removal of sick trees, dead branches and leaves to prevent pests from breeding。
Insect-fishing facilities are established in fruit-planted areas to attract and capture pests and pests and reduce their hazards to fruit-trees。
Appropriate introduction of natural enemies, such as predatory insects, birds, etc., to reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases in a biological manner。
Pesticides are used in accordance with the relevant regulations, with low toxicity, efficiency and low residue, and with attention to doses and frequency of use to prevent pesticide residues and fruit-trees。
By understanding basic knowledge and methods of pest control, newcomers can better respond to the problems of pests and diseases that may be encountered in fruit tree cultivation and protect the growth and yield of fruit trees。
Fruit tree trim and whole branch technique
In order to ensure healthy growth and high productivity of fruit trees, the cutting of fruit trees and the whole branch are very important. The book will present some of the basic tailoring and integral techniques to help starters better manage fruit trees。
8. 1 motion
Promoting the growth of fruit trees: by trimping, weak, over-heavy branches can be removed and fruit trees can be given more light and air circulation to promote their growth。
Controlling the shape of fruit trees: shearing changes the shape and structure of fruit trees to make them more beautiful and manageable。
Improving the production and quality of fruits: by triming and integrating, the number and distribution of fruits can be adjusted to avoid excessive competition for nutrients and to improve the production and quality of fruits。
8. 2 basic shearing methods
Balancing shears: by shearing, the balance between the trunk and branches of the fruit tree is maintained, avoiding over-heavy or over-sliced branches。
Selective shearing: targeted trimmed branches that are weak, intersect and influence the quality of fruit, depending on the growth of the fruit tree。
Periodic shearing: fruit trees should be trimmed regularly to avoid excessive one-time trimping, affecting the growth and production of fruit trees。
8. 3 cutting techniques and attention:
Cutting time: in general, the cut time for fruit trees is divided into two stages, spring and autumn. Spring trims are usually performed prior to the budding of fruit trees, mainly for the removal of dead winters, infested branches of disease and pests, and for the restructuring of fruit trees; autumn trims are performed after the harvest of fruit, mainly to reduce the winter branches and the burden on fruit trees。
Shearing tools: shearing using sharp, clean scissors or saws. It is important to ensure that tools are clean before they are used in order to prevent the transmission of pathogens。
Cutting angles: when cutting branches, keep as much as possible a slope so that the water flows along the slopes and reduces the chance of breeding the fungus。
Protection of wounds: after trimmed, fruit trees are vulnerable to pests and diseases. An appropriate amount of protective agent or coating can be painted on the wound in order to prevent invasion。
Shear strength: shearing should be done with moderate shear strength, with unhealthy branches removed while avoiding overcuting affecting the growth of fruit trees。
By mastering the basic techniques of fruit tree trim and twig, newers can better manage fruit trees, promote their healthy growth and increase their yield。
Summary:
The book provides a range of basic knowledge and techniques for starters to grow fruit trees, including basic structures and functions, growth and development stages, pest control, trim and whole branches. By learning this knowledge, newers can better master the basic skills of fruit tree cultivation and lay a solid foundation for future fruit tree cultivation. During the actual planting process, new players also need to build up experience and adapt and optimize fruit tree growth to local climatic conditions in order to achieve higher fruit tree growth quality and yield。
If you want to know more, you can read the book "the book of new dealers in fruit tree growing: the secret of home gardens."
