Potatoes are family-friendly crops in rural gardens, fields and even in the flowerpots of urban balconyes. It does not pick the environment, is well fed, and it is particularly cost-effective to eat, steam, dry potatoes, sweet and nutritious, whether at home or for sale。
Many people think it's easy to grow sweet potatoes, but they're all grown up, and some people grow them, and others grow them with long vines, little potatoes and small potatoes, while others produce thousands of pounds, and the chips are full of flat, sweet meters. In fact, the difference lies in the details and methods of planting, and today it is possible to provide our family with all the methods of growing the sweet potatoes that have been growing for decades, and to learn once in a while, whether in daejeon, in the small garden or in the balcony plant, to grow the high-yield and good potatoes easily。
I. Land selection: laying the basis for planting, ingraining the sweet potatoes, and sour potatoes
The roots of the potatoes are well developed, the chips are growing up underground, and if the potatoes are to grow well, the first step will be to make sure that the ground is clean。
Our family grows sweet potatoes, with the highest preference for deep earthy sandy soil, estranged soil, well-drained and air-transmitting sandy or bordery soil. Such soil is abated, the chips are not squeezed when they grow underground, they expand smoothly, and they are fine, smooth and smooth and particularly commercial. It is important not to choose the hard-walled, low-lying plots of land, which can easily lead to rough, deformity of the skin of the potatoes, which, in turn, decomposes the roots of the potatoes, causing the death of the seedlings and of the rotten potatoes。
Smallness is also not a problem in the case of home-based farming, as long as low-lying areas are avoided and the soil is estranged; in the case of daejeon cultivation, rotation with pulses and herbal crops, with an interval of more than three years, can effectively reduce pests and pests and increase the growth of the sweet potatoes。
Throughout the land, we have insisted on “deep tilling, raising,” which is the key to the high production of potatoes. First, 15 to 20 days before planting, the plots were cultivated at depths of 25 to 30 cm, the soil was crushed with large pieces of soil, stones and weeds were cleaned up and the soil was soft and thin. Deep cultivation not only improves soil fertility protection, but also enhances drought resistance and rooting of red potato。
It is important to raise a high level after deep tillage, a step that many will ignore and directly affect the number of potatoes. The height is about 30 centimetres, the face is 60-70 centimetres wide, the gutter is 30-40 centimetres wide, and the gutter is made straight, full and shallow. There are too many benefits to be derived from the cultivation: first, greater soil permeability, which is conducive to the expansion of the chips; second, easier drainage, which does not accumulate the roots of the water in rain; third, increasing the temperature of the earth and promoting the growth of the sweet potatoes in the early stages; and fourth, easier weeding, fertilization, harvesting and management at a later stage。
Ii. Bottom fertilisation: organic fertilization is predominant and sweet potatoes are not empty
Potatoes are popular crops, but they are not strong, fat, we grow them in our homes, and we have always adhered to the principles of “baby, fat, organic, fertilizer” so that they are sweet, unempty, durable and stored, and they smell of red potatoes。
The bottom fertilizer must be fully applied, with priority given to sufficiently decomposed farm fats such as cow dung, goat dung, chicken dung, or composted grasswood ash, straw fattening, applying 2,000 to 3000 kg of decomposed farm fat on each acre, together with 50 kg of compound fattening, 20 kg of potassium sulfate, which is spread over the plot and then mixed with the deep-tilled soil and buried at the bottom。
It's important to remind us that undecided fat is absolutely useless. Fertilizer fermentation in the soil produces high temperatures and is prone to burning red potato roots and seedlings, leading to dead seedlings; and the presence of fungi and eggs in fertilizers can cause pests. In the absence of farm fertilizer, commercial organic fertilizer can also be used as a substitute to ensure sufficient soil fertility to provide sustained nutrients for the growth of the sweet potatoes。
Grass-wood ash is a “baby” of sweet potatoes, which are rich in potassium and contribute to the expansion, sweetening and resistance to disease, whether through bottom or post-fatation, which is very practical and must be prepared more at home。
Iii. Selection of seedlings: selection of the potato species, healthy and double the survival rate
There are two ways in which potato cultivation can be grown, one directly from chips, and the other directly from potato seedlings。
1. Choosing potatoes
The selection of seeds is the key to breeding, and the selection of healthy chips of smooth skin, non-fragmented, non-pest-free, non-cooled, even sizes are appropriate for medium size, wasteful and inadequate nutrients. The selection of varieties according to their own needs: sweet potatoes, sweet potatoes, commercial potatoes 19, sweet potatoes 26; high-yield, durable and stored potatoes 32, special potatoes 1, regardless of which species, priority is given to detoxification, reduces the disease by 20 to 50 per cent。
2. Child birthing in due time
The birth time is determined by the local climate, usually after the evening frost, when the temperature stabilizes at more than 15°c, mostly in the north in the early part of april, with high temperatures in the south and up to late march。
The method is simple: 10 centimetres of corroded organic fertilizer is laid on the nursery bed, 5 centimetres of fine soil is laid, the chips are arranged in an organized manner in the nursery bed, ranging from 3 to 5 centimetres and then covering 8 to 10 centimetres of fine soil, watering and covering the membrane with temperature and humidity. The temperature of the seedbed is maintained at 25-30°c, which results in seeding in about 10 days, when the membrane is removed in time to avoid burning。
When the seedlings grow to 20-25 cm, with 5-6 real leaves, a thick tubing, and a developed root, they can be cut off. Three days before the planting, the seedling beds were ventilated to allow the seedlings to adapt to the outside environment, and the rate of survival was higher。
Iv. Transfer institutions: enhancing tests, quipment, finance
It's easy to move, but it's a lot of tricks, and we've been slashing our homes for almost 100 percent, and we've got so many and even potatoes。
1. Replanting time
Choosing a clear morning or cloud to move in order to avoid high-temperature heat at noon, a spring potato in april-may, and potatoes in mid-june, to stabilize the temperature above 15 °c after planting, and above 18 °c, for the benefit of seedlings。
Plantation methods
Cutting up 20-25 centimetres of cultivated seedlings, retaining 3-4 leaves on the top, cutting out spare leaves and reducing water evaporation. On the well-established surface, the pit is dug at a distance of 25-30 cm, the seedlings are tilted to the soil 5-7 cm, buried in 3-5 sections, exposed to about 5 cm of the ground, then the soil is crushed by hand and the root water is poured through。
It is appropriate to plant 3,000 to 3,500 plants per acre, where soil fertility can be properly rared, and soil infertile can be sown appropriately. This type of tilting allows for rapid rooting of seedlings and increases the position of troughs in the soil, increases the quantity of potatoes and is drought-resistant, making it difficult to survive even in arid weather。
After three to five days of planting, the seedlings are replaced in the field in time to remove the seedlings, the seedlings and the dead seedlings, to replace the strong seedlings, and to ensure that the seedlings in the field are fully sized and not missing。
V. Field management: holding on to four keys
Once the potato is alive, field management does not have to work every day. If we catch the four critical points of weeding, water management, control of vines and pest control, we can save a lot of money, which has been our core experience growing potatoes for many years。
1. Cultivation
The cassava seedlings then reach the seals and carry out 1-2 croppings. The first medium tillage is 10 to 15 days after planting, at depths of 5 to 6 cm, so as to avoid the root damage, and the second medium tillage is divided into branches at depths of 3 to 4 cm, while the potato yarn is given to prevent the fall of the potato and the appearance of the roots。
Chinese farming can both remove weeds, avoid competition for nutrients and moisture from weeds and sweet potatoes, and defusing the soil, improving air permeability and promoting root growth. Weeding should be done as early as possible, so that weeds can be cleaned up as small as possible, without waiting for the weeds to grow up and then be treated。
Scientific pursuit of fat
The cassava fertilisation is divided into three stages, following the principle of “pre-light, medium-stable, post-heavy” and is dominated by potassium fat, less nitrogen fattening, and less vines and vines that grow wildly。
• fattening of seedlings: 15 to 20 days after planting, 5 to 8 kg of urea per acre when the seedlings are alive and start growing new leaves, with more seedlings and fewer seedlings, which promote the rapid growth of the seedlings and keep the vines in shape。
• potato fat: some 50 days after planting, potatoes begin to masturbate with 20 kg of potassium sulphate per acre, in conjunction with the earth, to promote the formation and expansion of chips。
• potato fattening: the rapid expansion of the potato chips, with 2-3 doses of 10 kg of potassium phosphate per acre to the water leaf, with a 10-day interval, can quickly supplement the potassium element, allow the chips to expand rapidly, improve sweetness and yields, and prevent early fallout in the later stages。
Water is distributed in accordance with the principle of “no drying, no watering, no watering, no watering”, moist soil during seeding periods, 60-80 per cent soil moisture during potatoes periods, small water during droughts, running horse water, timely drainage during rainy days, stop watering 20 days before harvest, contribute to the accumulation of red potato sugar and facilitate harvesting and storage。
3. Control of vines
Many people grow red potatoes with vines and no potatoes, the core reason being the absence of control over the chickens, the large and variable roots of the vines, the consumption of large amounts of nutrients and the inability to expand without the chips。
Our family's approach is simple: when the cassava chicken grows to 40-50 centimetres, the top of the two leaves is strangled, the top edge is broken, the side branch is promoted and the nutrients flow back to the chips; after the cassava is sealed, one or two chickens are taken, the vines are lifted gently, the roots are broken, they are put back to the ground, they are not turned over, and the leaves are not damaged. The number of chickens should not be too many, otherwise it would affect photosynthesis and would be detrimental to growth。
4. Pest management
There are relatively few red potato pests and there are few major problems in maintaining a “preventive-based, integrated approach” to early prevention. Common pests are black spots, root diseases, pre-pregnancy impregnated with multibacterium, post-mortem diseases treated with multibacterium solutions; common pests are cassava moths, aphids, ground pests, aphids and moths sprayed with bromocythrin, and ground pests can be sprayed with grass ash throughout the field, or treated with a specific medicinal agent to reduce the number of pests eating potatoes。
Accomplishments in due course: harvest time, red potato durability, taste good
Potatoes do not have a fixed harvest time, are harvested too early, are small, have low yields and lack sugar; they are too late to harvest, are prone to frost, are cold and are insatiable for storage. Our family has been following the old words of “the morning of winter, the winter of winter and the time when the frost comes to harvest”, when the local temperature drops to 18°c, when the harvest must begin before 12°c, and generally before and after the fall of the frost, the spring potatoes grow 120 to 150 days, and the summer potatoes grow 90 to 120 days。
The harvest is to take place on the morning of the sun, with the red potato vines cut off and then slowly dug from the side of the cassava, gently dig, grab and drop and avoid scratching the chips. Following the harvest, the potatoes are laid in the cold of the ventilation for one or two days, the surface moisture is removed, broken, insecty chips are removed and healthy chips are stored, which can be stored for several months, making them sweeter。
Vii. Across the board: different landscape techniques, flexible application
This method can be applied to either daejeon scale planting, small courtyard planting, or urban balconies planting, with minor adjustments to produce good potatoes:
1. The balconus plant: selects a flower basin at depths above 30 cm, mixs the soil with flaccid foliage + ground + sand, applying a small amount of decomposed organic fertilizer, one or two plants per basin, in which there is sufficient light, regularly fertilizes the water, and in which case a pot of sweet potatoes is produced。
2. Dryland cultivation: the choice of drought-resistant varieties, deep tillage, replanting of the membranes, reduced evaporation of water, less water and soil, and the normal growth of potatoes。
3. Rainy areas: high potatoes, deep trenches, drainage, avoiding water accumulation in the fields, while increasing potassium fattening and increasing the disease resistance of the potatoes。
The seeding of red potatoes is not difficult at all, without sophisticated technology or expensive inputs, provided that the basic details are kept in place, that they follow their growth patterns, and that they are managed with care, whether new or old, and that they produce high yield, sweetness and good quality. Why not grow home-grown sweet potatoes, without pesticides, without fattening, without fear of health, enjoying the pleasures of planting and reaping the full fruits
This year's friends who want to grow potatoes, put them in a collection, follow the procedure, wait for the harvest
This paper shares only the experience of private maniofauna cultivation, whose effects vary depending on the geographical climate, soil conditions and management patterns, and are used only for reference purposes and not as a production and revenue commitment。
