In 2021, the first class builders entered the preparatory stage, but at this stage many candidates may be able to learn in some ways, and a minor set out some of the points of the first class builder's economics for construction, hoping to help the candidates。
Method of valuation of the list of works
(i) calculation of construction price
In the billing of works, where the unit price of the sub-project is split, the billing of the works consists of three main forms: the unit price method for the works; the combined unit price method; and the combined unit price method for the full cost。
Unit cost of works = labour + materials + equipment usage
Consolidated unit cost = labour + materials + construction equipment usage + management + profit
Total cost unit = labour + materials + equipment usage + management + profits + fees + taxes
Divisional sub-engineering costs = consolidated unit cost of sub-project works x sub-project works
Project cost of measures = total unit cost of work x project of measures + individual cost of measures
Other project costs = provisional amount + provisional valuation + daily workers + total contractual services + other
Unit engineering quotations
= divisional work fee + measures project fee + other projects fee + fees + taxes
Individual bid = unit bid
Total price = cost of individual works
(ii) calculation of the cost of branch work
Core issues: determination of the amount of work to be done in the sub-working of the sectors; consolidated unit price。
1. Determination of the volume of sub-departure works
The volume of work indicated in the list of works in the solicitation documents is the common basis for the tenderer to prepare the bid control price and the bid price proposal, and is the net amount of work obtained by the preparer of the volume list in accordance with the rules for calculating the size of the construction chart and the volume list。
The amount of work, however, cannot be the actual and accurate amount of work to be performed by the contractor in the performance of its contractual obligations, and the amount of work to be performed at the time of completion of the work by both parties shall be determined by the amount of work to be performed, which the parties agreed in the contract should be measured and actually completed, although the calculation of that amount of work shall also be made in strict accordance with the rules for calculating the volume of work on the inventory, whichever is the physical amount of work。
Preparation of composite unit prices
This refers to labour costs, materials and engineering equipment, utility and enterprise management fees for the completion of a specified list of items or measures, profits and a range of risk costs。
It is a narrow combination of unit prices, and non-competitive costs such as fees and taxes are not included in the project unit price。
The composite unit price is usually calculated using a flat grouping method, i. E., a combination of calculations based on price fixing。
The calculation of the composite unit price can be summarized as follows:
(1) establishment of a grouping of assigned amounts
(ii) calculation of the quantum sub-project
Inventory work cannot be used directly for pricing purposes, and various influencing factors, such as the construction programme, must be taken into account in pricing。
(3) measurement of human, material and machine consumption
(4) determine the unit price of persons, materials and machines。
(5) calculate the total cost of personnel, materials and machines for the inventory items
(6) calculate the administrative fees and profits of the inventory items
(7) calculate the combined unit price of the inventory items。
Combined unit price = (total cost of people, materials, machines + overhead + profit)/list project volume
(iii) calculation of the cost of the measures
The project cost of the measure is the cost of non-engineered physical projects that occurred during the preparation and construction of the project for the completion of the project。
The cost of building a safe civilization on the list of measures shall be priced in accordance with the regulations of the national or provincial and industry-building authorities and shall not be considered a competitive cost。
Method of calculating the cost of the measure:
(iv) costing of other projects
The provisional amounts and valuations are determined by the bidders on the basis of the estimated amounts。
The cost of daily work and total contractual services is determined by the contractor at the request of the bidder at the estimated cost。
(v) calculation of fees and taxes
Fees and taxes shall be calculated in accordance with the regulations of the state and the authorities concerned and shall not be considered a competitive expense。
(vi) calculation of risk costs
In solicitation documents and contracts, the risk content and its scope (range) should be clearly defined and taken into account in pricing。
Recommendations:
Information package for level i builders
