Introduction
Stefan zweig, 28 november 1881-- 22 february 1942), austrian novelist, poet, playwright, biographer. The delegates wrote short novels, chess story, a letter from a strange woman, long novels, the scorch of the heart, reminiscent of yesterday's world, biography of three masters and the portrait of a political person. The zweigs, born of wealthy jewish families, studied philosophy and literature in vienna and berlin during their youth years, and later travelled around the world to meet roman roland and freud, among others. Poetry, novels, dramas, literature, biographies are the most well known achievements of biography and novels. During the first world war, anti-war work was carried out, expelled by the nazis in 1934 and exiled in britain and brazil. Suicide in brazil in 1942。
Stephen zweig
On 28 november 1881, stephen zweig was born in vienna, the capital of the austro-hungarian empire. The family of zweig is a jewish businessman and rich. In 1898, 17-year-old tswig published his first poem in a magazine; in 1899, tswig high school graduated。
In 1900, there were 200 poems; studies in philosophy and literature at the university of vienna and berlin were followed by contacts with tolstoy and dostoyevsky, and studies and translations of poetry in podler and weillon, france, and ver harun, belgium。
In 1901, the first book of poems, the silver string, was published, recording 50 poems; in 1902, he was transferred to the university of berlin to study philosophy; the first novel, traveling from the bible, was published in the new freedom newspaper in vienna; a collection of podler poetry was published; and a collection of ver harun poetry was selected。
Graduated from university in 1904 and obtained a doctorate in the philosophy of tenar; later, the editor of the newspaper nueva libertad, published the first book, alikae walde's love, which featured four novels, snow in the snow, travel out, alikae ward's love and the miracle of life; then travelled to western europe, north africa, india and the americas。
In 1905, the monograph “weiland” was published; in 1906, the second poem, “the ring of the early years”, was published; in 1907, the first poem, tecitos, was published, and the following year it was presented; in 1910, the monograph emil valharen was published。
In 1911, freud was acquainted with freud and remained a friend; the tragedy, the house of the coast, came to life the following year; the publication of the second novel, first experience - four storys in the country of children, containing the story of nightingale, the teacher of the home, the secret of the burning, and the story of summer; the viewing of the adult world dominated by lust from the point of view of the young child, and the exploration of the spiritual world of the person driven by desire, became one of the tone of his subsequent work, which he described as his original “chain novel”。
In 1912, the solo comedian " the changing comedian " appeared in the same year; in 1914, the first world war broke out; a letter to foreign friends was published。
In 1916, a house was purchased in mozart in salzburg; a female writer, fridrik jeen wendnitz; and a play, jeremiah, the first anti-war drama, was inaugurated in switzerland, drawing on the books of the bible, the old testament。
In 1918, the article " faith in failureism " , the novel " stifling " , was published; world war i ended with the defeat of aud; he lived in salzburg for a long time after 1919, and wrote。
Marriage in 1920 to wendnitz, divorced and with two children, for the creation of " three masters " ; in 1922, the second novel published in the chain novel, "tropical epidemiology patients " , reproduced in tropical epidemiology patients, " miracle night " , " a strange woman's letter " , "living her heart " , etc., wrote about the lust of adulthood and presented the mentality of adult men and women controlled by desire, who, driven by subconscious, committed the so-called “crime of passion”。
In 1926, an article was published, " a glimpse in a hurry " ; in 1927, the third book, the frustration of emotions, was published, containing six short articles such as " the fest of emotions " , " twenty-four hours of a woman's life " , " the fall of a heart " , writing about the moods of old age, the masters of which have come to pass, the tremors of the mind and the flow of consciousness in the event of desire or accidental shock。
In 1928, he was invited to the former soviet union to meet gorki and to complete the book 'the architects of the world ' , composed of three books: the three masters (balzak, dickens, dostoyevsky) "the battle of the demons " (hordrin, klester, nietzsche) " the life of the three writers (casanova, stonda, tolstoy); published a collection of 12 character stories, " human stars flashing " ;
In 1929, the biography of historical figures, joseph fortune; 1931, publication of treatment through spirituality; 1932, the biography of historical figures, mary antonette;
(a) hitler came to power in 1933 and zweig moved to england the following year, when he was expelled from his home by the nazis and began to live in exile; the wife introduced charlotte altmann, an exiled jewish girl, as secretary; and the creation of works such as " unseen collections " , " interludes by lake of geneva " , " mundal, old book dealer " ;
The events in vienna in 1934 led to the demands of austrian fascists for integration, expulsion by the nazis and successive exiles in britain and brazil。
1935, maria stuart, the biography of historical figures, the victory and grievance of erasmus of rotterdam;
In 1936, the biography of castilerio against calvin was published in the context of medieval religious reform; a long novel, the agitation of the heart, was moved to the screen in 1940。
Separation from the wife in 1937 and friendly divorce in the following year; in 1939, when the second world war broke out, austria was invaded; lost its nationality; and married altmann. In 1938, when austria was incorporated into germany, he became a british national and soon left for the united states。
In 1940 he travelled to brazil through new york, while fascist forces were rampant, and writers were desperate to witness the fall of his “moral home europe”。
In 1942, the autobiography " yesterday's world " was completed; on 22 february, double-dosed suicide was committed with his second wife, elizabeth greenty (33 years old), in the apartment of the small town of petropolis on the outskirts of rio de janeiro。
Representation
Zweig has a history of man-made writings in poetry, essays, novels, theatres and character biography, especially in novels and characters. The delegates were:
Novels: first experience, malay madman, fear, confusion of feelings, turning point of man's fate, a strange letter from a woman, the story of chess, 24 hours in a woman's life, dangerous compassion, etc
Biography: the three masters, the struggle with the elves, the three poets of life。
In addition, zweig is interested in psychology and the freudian doctrine, his work is specialized in careful character drawings, as well as in personal encounters and passions in the minds of strange fates。
